High level of gentamicin resistance [HLGR] among enterococcus strains isolated from clinical specimens

Enterococci are pathogens that can cause nosocomial infections and acquire resistance properties via several molecular mechanisms. The aac [6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene plays a significant role in the emergence of high-level gentamicin-resistant [HLGR] strains. The screening of resistant strains and the provision of appropriate antibiotic therapy can decide the outcome of serious nosocomial infections. In the present study, 142 enterococci were isolated from patients, and the species were identified using standard methods. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method, and the minimum inhibition concentration [MIC] of gentamicin was determined according to the broth micro-dilution method. Additionally, PCR was utilized to detect the aac[6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene, the presence of which was confirmed by digestion with Sca1 and sequencing. Of the 142 isolates, 62 [43.7%] were found to exhibit the HLGR phenotype. All except one of the HLGR isolates contained the aac[6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene. The prevalence of resistance to other antibiotics and multi-drug resistance [MDR] was higher among the HLGR isolates compared to the non-HLGR isolates. Our results indicate that high prevalence rates of MDR and HLGR enterococci are an important problem associated with medical treatment. Furthermore, the presence of the aacaacaac[6']Ie-aph[2"]Ia gene was shown to correspond to the presence of the HLGR phenotype among enterococci

In-vitro comparison of the antimicrobial properties of glass ionomer cements with zinc phosphate cements

White spot lesions are observed in nearly 50% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Long-lasting antibacterial properties of orthodontic cements can reduce this phenomenon. The aim of this research was to compare antimicrobial activity of three commercial glass ionomer cements with three commercial zinc phosphate cements, over time, against streptococcus mutans and candida albicans. Direct contact test [DCT] was used to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of products after 48 h and 7 days of incubation. The results demonstrated that all the cements presented antibacterial activity but the antibacterial activity of glass ionomer cements was more than that of zinc phosphate cements. Counts of C. albicans after 48 h were lower and statistically different in the GIC group in relation to the control groups. But no differences were observed between GIC and control groups at 7 days. Based on the results of this study, the antimicrobial and mainly antifungal effects of all the cements were so short