ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and histopathological as well as immunological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] of breast. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 1997 to January 2017
Methodology: Data of all patients, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of breast over defined period of time, were collected and analysed with respect to their clinical presentation, histopathology and receptor status. Year-wise cases of SCC of breast were separated
Results: Thirty patients, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of breast, were identified over a period of 20 years. There was an increase in number of cases diagnosed after 2007 as compared to before 2007. Moreover, 12 [40%] cases were hormone receptor positive while 18 [60%] were of unknown status. Out of the total, 10 [33%] cases were well differentiated, 17 [57%] were moderately differentiated, while 3 [10%] were poorly differentiated. Seventeen [57%] cases presented as breast masses, 10 [33%] had skin ulceration in addition to breast mass, while 3 [10%] cases presented as fungating masses along with chest wall involvement
Conclusion: There is an increased incidence of SCC of breast which can be due to better diagnostic facilities and more awareness amongst doctors about different varieties of breast cancers and their impact on the prognosis of disease
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and histopathological as well as immunological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] of breast
Study Design: A descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 1997 to January 2017
Methodology: Data of all patients, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of breast over defined period of time, were collected and analysed with respect to their clinical presentation, histopathology and receptor status. Year-wise cases of SCC of breast were separated
Results: Thirty patients, diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of breast, were identified over a period of 20 years. There was an increase in number of cases diagnosed after 2007 as compared to before 2007. Moreover, 12 [40%] cases were hormone receptor positive while 18 [60%] were of unknown status. Out of the total, 10 [33%] cases were well differentiated, 17 [57%] were moderately differentiated, while 3 [10%] were poorly differentiated. Seventeen [57%] cases presented as breast masses, 10 [33%] had skin ulceration in addition to breast mass, while 3 [10%] cases presented as fungating masses along with chest wall involvement
Conclusion: There is an increased incidence of SCC of breast which can be due to better diagnostic facilities and more awareness amongst doctors about different varieties of breast cancers and their impact on the prognosis of disease
ABSTRACT
Objective: Evaluation of single preoperative dose of pregabalin in terms of postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial [RCT]
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Surgical Department of Military Hospital Rawalpindi over a period of one year fromJan 2013 to Dec 2013
Material and Methods: One hundred patients [50 in each group] were included in this study. They were divided into two groups. Group-A was given pregabalin and group-B was given placeboafter laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Results: Mean age was 38.2 +/- 11.0 years in group A and 36.9 +/- 11.7 years in group B. Regarding distribution of gender, 14 patients [28.0 Percent] in group-A and 17 patients [34.0 Percent] in group-B were males while 36 patients [72.0 Percent] in group-A and 33 patients [66.0 Percent] in group-B were females. Mean visual analogue score at 24 hours was 4.98 +/- 1.87 and 6.58 +/- 2.03 in group-A and B, respectively. The difference between two group was statistically significant [p<0.001]. Analgesia was required in 17 patients [34.0 Percent] in group-A and 37 patients of group-B
Conclusion: A single preoperative oral dose of pregabalin 150 mg was found very effective method for reducing postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
ABSTRACT
To determine the usefulness of RIPASA score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis using histopathology as a gold standard. Cross-sectional study. Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Kohat, from September 2011 to March 2012. A total of 267 patients were included in this study. RIPASA score was assessed. The diagnosis of appendicitis was made clinically aided by routine sonography of abdomen. After appendicectomies, resected appendices were sent for histopathological examination. The 15 parameters and the scores generated were age [less than 40 years = 1 point; greater than 40 years = 0.5 point], gender [male = 1 point; female = 0.5 point], Right Iliac Fossa [RIF] pain [0.5 point], migration of pain to RIF [0.5 point], nausea and vomiting [1 point], anorexia [1 point], duration of symptoms [less than 48 hours = 1 point; more than 48 hours = 0.5 point], RIF tenderness [1 point], guarding [2 points], rebound tenderness [1 point], Rovsing's sign [2 points], fever [1 point], raised white cell count [1 point], negative urinalysis [1 point] and foreign national registration identity card [1 point]. The optimal cut-off threshold score from the ROC was 7.5. Sensitivity analysis was done. Out of 267 patients, 156 [58.4%] were male while remaining 111 patients [41.6%] were female with mean age of 23.5 +/- 9.1 years. Sensitivity of RIPASA score was 96.7%, specificity 93.0%, diagnostic accuracy was 95.1%, positive predictive value was 94.8% and negative predictive value was 95.54%. RIPASA score at a cut-off total score of 7.5 was a useful tool to diagnose appendicitis, in equivocal cases of pain