ABSTRACT
Purpose@#The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in the past decades has caused nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to become the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the effect of vitamin D (Vit D) on ultrasonography and laboratory indices of NAFLD and some blood biochemical indicators in children. @*Methods@#In this interventional study liver ultrasonography was performed in 200 children with overweight and obesity. A 108 had fatty liver among which 101 were randomly divided into two groups of study (n=51) and control (n=50). The study group was treated with Vit D, 50000 U once a week whereas the control group received placebo with the same dose and package, both for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention lab tests and ultrasound study was performed once again to evaluate the response to treatment. @*Results@#It was found out that Vit D supplementation improved the fatty liver grade in the study group. The mean changes in hemoglobin (Hb), uric acid, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (p<0.05). After the intervention and means adjustment, a significant difference was obtained in HDL-C, insulin, LDL-C and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Vit D supplementation in addition to improving the fatty liver grade in ultrasonography and increasing the blood Vit D level, increases the HDL and Hb level besides decreasing uric acid, LDL, HOMA-IR, insulin and ALT levels.
ABSTRACT
Purpose@#The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in the past decades has caused nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to become the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the effect of vitamin D (Vit D) on ultrasonography and laboratory indices of NAFLD and some blood biochemical indicators in children. @*Methods@#In this interventional study liver ultrasonography was performed in 200 children with overweight and obesity. A 108 had fatty liver among which 101 were randomly divided into two groups of study (n=51) and control (n=50). The study group was treated with Vit D, 50000 U once a week whereas the control group received placebo with the same dose and package, both for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention lab tests and ultrasound study was performed once again to evaluate the response to treatment. @*Results@#It was found out that Vit D supplementation improved the fatty liver grade in the study group. The mean changes in hemoglobin (Hb), uric acid, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (p<0.05). After the intervention and means adjustment, a significant difference was obtained in HDL-C, insulin, LDL-C and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the two groups. @*Conclusion@#Vit D supplementation in addition to improving the fatty liver grade in ultrasonography and increasing the blood Vit D level, increases the HDL and Hb level besides decreasing uric acid, LDL, HOMA-IR, insulin and ALT levels.
ABSTRACT
Breast parenchymal density is one of the factors that can cause false negative mammographic results. This work was performed to determine the frequency and distribution of dense mammograms. The peresent descriptive study was carried out from April 2003 to March 2004 on women referring to Radiology Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad. A total of 1000 women with fatty [/= 90% density] who had screening or diagnostic mammography were studied. Breast density, breast size and presence of benign calcifications were analyzed. Clinical data such as age, parity, age at first conception, use of hormone replacement therapy [H.R.T], and family history of breast cancer were recorded and analyzed by the frequency distribution tables and descriptive statistic, Ki square and spirman test. Parenchymal density on mammograms was found to correlate with the age, and decrease progressively from 25-29 years old through 75-79 years old [Spearman correlation P = 0.001]. Increased parenchymal density was more common in women who had smaller breast, and had fewer than two pregnancies, or underwent H.R.T [P < 0.001]. The prevalence of benign calcifications also increased with age. This study confirmed the effectiveness of age and HRT on mammographic density, suggesting a possible reduction of mammographic sensitivity and efficacy for detecting malignancy in these groups of patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Age Factors , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The one-third middle cerebral artery [1/3 MCA] method and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score [ASPECTS] were used to detect significant early ischemic changes on brain computed tomography [CT] of patients with acute stroke. We designed the Persian Early CT Score [PECTS] and compared it with the above systems. The tomograms were chosen from the stroke data bank of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, in 2008. The inclusion criteria were the presence of MCA territory infarction and performance of CT within 6 hours after stroke onset. Axial CTs were performed on a third-generation CT scanner [Siemens, ARTX, Germany]. Section thickness above posterior fossa was 10 mm [130 kV, 150 mAs]. Films were made at window level 35 HU. The brain CTs were scored by four independent radiologists based on the ASPECTS, 1/3 MCA method, and PECTS. The readers were blinded to the clinical information except the symptom side. Cochrane Q and Kappa tests were used for statistical analysis. Twenty four CT scans with sufficient quality were available. The difference in distribution of dichotomized 7 ASPECT scores between the four raters was significant; Q=13.071, df=3, P=0.04. The difference in distribution of dichotomized >1/3 and