ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infections [UTIs] caused by extended - spectrum beta lactamase [ESBL] - producing bacteria have become a growing problem due to emerging antibiotic resistance. This observational study was carried out from January 2012 to August 2012 to see the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility of ESBL producers E.coli and KI.pneumoniae in urinary tract infection. Materials and A total of 672 urine sample received at Microbiology laboratory of Shalamar Medical College, Lahore and processed for culture / sensitivity. On culture 256 isolates were obtained, of which 163 isolates were identified by AP[120]E as E.coli 125 [76.3%] and K.pneumoniae 38 [23.3%]. The ESBL producing E.coli 90 [72%] and Klebsiella pneumoniae 25 [65.8%] were detected by double disc synergy test [DDST]. Sensitivity testing showed a multidrug resistance in ESBL producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae. Maximum resistance recorded in E.coli [ESBL] was as cafatoxime [98.9%], Ceftazidime [96.7%] and Cefuroxime [93.4%] while minimum resistance was seen with Imipenum [0.8%] fosfomycine [1.2%] and Nitrofurantoin as well piperacillin / tazobactam [2.2%] each. The ESBL producing Klebsiella showed maximum resistance tocetoceftazidime [100%] cefotaxime [89%] Cefuroxime [84%] while minimum resistance seen with imipenam [4%] Nitrofurantoin and Piperacillin / Tazobactam [8%]. ESBL producing bacteria, area matter of concern in high frequency of antimicrobial resistance to non beta lactam and aminoglycocides antibiotics. Monitoring of ESBL production and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are necessary to avoid treatment failure in patients with UTI
ABSTRACT
To know the frequency of Acinetobacter in various clinical samples, their clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Descriptive study. From January to November 2009 at Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore Pakistan. All clinical samples received were from patients admitted at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Our sample included pus, body fluids, blood, urine, drain tips and catheter tips. These samples were analyzed through culturing and biochemical methods for aerobic bacteria. A total of 971 non fermentative gram negative bacterial [NFGNB] isolates were obtained from all clinical samples. Acinetobacter species identified were 102 [10.5%]. Of the total 102 Acinetobacter species isolated 52% [53] was maximum number isolated from pus of infected wounds in orthopedic, surgical wards and intensive care unit, followed by urine 23.5% [24] body fluids 8.7% [09]sputum 7.8% [08] catheter tips 4.9% [05] and blood 2.9% [03]. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed susceptibility to cefoperazone [95%] Meropenem [87%] imipenem [80%] Amikacin [77.45%] Ampicillin [20%]. Isolation of Acinetobacter from wound infection is considerable and alarming in post operative cases. While number of Acinetobacter isolation from ICU and fluid aspirate is not ignorable. These isolates are resistant to commonly used antibiotics while being sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, piperacillin, cefoperazone and cefotaxime. Antibiotic resistance reflects exclusive use of antibiotic Acinetobacter baumanni is increasingly responsible for a large number of infections
ABSTRACT
The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile and the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria identified in blood culture to improve empirical antibiotherapy. The study was retrospective in nature and carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore; data generated from blood culture specimens over 2 year period [Aug 2009-Aug 2011] was compiled, relevant information such as age, sex, organism recovered and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were obtained from patients records. During the 2years period 450 blood cultures were received from pediatrics/neonatology wards/OPD and from adult patients. In a total of 450 blood cultures, 75 yielded monomicrobial growth. An incidence of positive blood culture was 16.6% [75/450] that includes Gram-negative bacilli 60% and Gram-positive cocci 40%. The most frequently identified species were Staphylococcus epidermidis [16%], Staphylococcus saprophyticus [10.7%], Staphylococcus aureus [13.3%] and Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 60% included Escherichia coli 16%, Klebsiella pneumonae 13.3% and pseudomonas aeroginosa10. 10.7% the most common bacterial isolates, and the other bacteria isolated were Citrobacter/Enterobacter the least 5.4%, Proteus spp. and Salmonella typhi/paratyphi; were 8% acinotobacter and pasturella were 6.6%. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] using standard Kirby Bauer's method. None of the antibiotics tested was 100% active against isolates. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci showed no resistance to glycopeptides. Most Gram positive isolates were [100%] sensitive to vancomycin, and 50-75% of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. It is concluded that E.coli, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus remain the principal organisms responsible for blood infection in a tertiary care setting
ABSTRACT
This study was planned to observe the bacteriological pattern of causative organisms of osteomyelitis reporting to orthopedic unit at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospitals, [GTTH] Lahore. The objective of this study was to know the type / frequency of infection in orthopaedic surgery in a public hospital and its treatment. It is a retrospective study carried out between Dec 2006 and Jan 2008. A total of one hundred and sixty five [165] patient samples were received at Lahore Medical and Dental College Lahore [LM and DC] during this period. They included 113 males and 52 females with age range of 01 to 80 years. All the patients were investigated in outpatient departments and Orthopaedic wards. Among the 165 patient investigated only 89 were found infected [63 males and 26 females]. The commonest infecting organism isolated was Staphylococcus [54%] followed by enterobacteriaceae [23%] that included [proteus spp [12.5%], E.coli [8%], Klebseilla [2.5%] Pseudomonas aeruginosa [18%], anaerobes [2.5%] and miscellaneous [2.5%]. Two [2.5%] anerobic bacteria were isolated, anaerobic bacteria were peptostreptococci and bacteroides either alone or as a mixed infection. The different kind of bacterial isolation shows no relation with age and gender. This increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a significant bone pathogen is related to the increasing nosocomial nature of osteomyelitis