ABSTRACT
Foreign bodies are a common occurrence in children that may be either accidental or self-induced as a matter of habit. Various materials have been reported as foreign bodies like metal, plastic toy parts, food matters, etc. Button batteries have been reported as foreign bodies in the nose and are especially relevant, due to their early chemical disintegration in contact with mucosal surface; hence, need emergency surgical intervention to avoid complications like septal necrosis and perforation. Here, we report four cases of button batteries in the nose at various stages of presentation with their sequelae along with a review of literature.
ABSTRACT
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection characterized by a bleeding polypoidal mass which commonly affects the nose and nasopharynx. The disease is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It grows in stagnant water and is thought to be transmitted to human by infected soil and water by gaining entry through traumatized epithelium and mucosa of nose and nasopharynx. It has a high incidence of occurrence among rural population. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Methods: Totally, 26 patients of histologically proven cases of rhinosporidiosis were included in this clinicopathological study. The mode of presentation in all these patients was polypoidal nasal mass causing recurrent bleeding and nasal obstruction. The period of study was from May 2010 to April 2014. All patients treated surgically were followed-up from 6 months to 1 year. Results: There were 26 patients of histologically proven rhinosporidiosis of nose and nasopharynx. Of total 26 cases, there were 19 males and 9 female patients in our study with a male to female ratio of 2.7:1. The age of presentation varied from 14 years to 67 years, most patients presenting in the second to sixth decade of life with maximum patients in the third and fourth decade of life and were from rural and poor socio-economic background. Recurrent cases were given dapsone. Conclusion: Rhinosporidiosis which was previously thought to be a fungus is now considered as a protoctista parasite, which involves fish and other amphibians, a fungus like protozoa of the class mesomycetozoea.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The treatment of bifurcation coronary stenosis involved several techniques in the last few years, with the use of one stent, two stents, kissing balloon, crush stenting. Basic objective was to reduce MACE rate and improve event-free survival. OBJECTIVE: To examine the performance of some techniques of stent placement adopted in the last few years by evaluating MACE (major adverse cardiac events) and TLR (target lesion revascularization). METHODS: Between 1999 and 2003, 74 consecutive patients with bifurcation lesions were treated with either stenting two vessels (type A, n = 8) or single vessels (type B, n = 66) and were followed for 30 days, 6 months, with a mean follow-up of 23 months for clinically driven MACE and TLR. RESULTS, The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 2.97 +/- 0.27 mm and 2.28 +/- 0.49 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 11% cases. Less than 30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 100% cases, <50% in the side branch in 94.5% of the cases. In-hospital major adverse cardiac events were non-Q-wave MI in 5% patients. During follow-up, death was 1.35%, subacute stent thrombosis (SAT) was 4%, and TLR (CABG) was 10.8%. Multivariate analysis showed type 1 lesion, and STEMI was associated with more MACE than others. There was 4.35-fold greater odds of MACE, associated with stenting both vessels in bifurcation lesion. CONCLUSION, Stenting of the main branch along with kissing balloon dilatation or provisional stenting of the side branch is a safe and effective treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions with acceptable TLR rates.