ABSTRACT
Aim of the study: To test the pervasiveness of vaginal infection in diabetic pregnant women and normal pregnant women; Al Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Patients and methods: The samples are obtained from Al- Dawadmi hospital, Riyad, Saudi Arabia. If vaginal swab samples positive microbial tests for any infection and culture in media, we were reported the participants and referral to the gynecologist. Vaginal swabs were gathered from 500 pregnant women divided into 250 diabetic and 250 non-diabetics. The ages were ranged from 20 to 45 years. Results: Total 500 women were included in this study. Of these patients, 253 (50.6%) of them diagnosed vaginal infection. 30.6% was diagnosed with diabetes and 20% was diagnosed with non-diabetes. This prevalence is comparably higher among pregnant women with diabetes. Conclusion: The ordinary microbiota may don’t allow infection and colonization of the host and the spread of microorganisms related to urogenital infections, including those in charge of bacterial vaginosis, fungal, viral, protozoal and aerobic bacterial vaginitis, the disturbed vaginal flora, particularly when asymptomatic, could cause female and male problems, infertility and be principally connected with an adverse pregnancy outcome, as well as maternal and fetal morbidity.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to throw some light on knowledge, attitude and the histological changes in human placenta exposed to passive smoking. Methods: Hospital-based studies were conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of passive smoking in pregnant women and non-smoker controls (n=50) were selected. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Differences between the 2 groups were determined by the Chi-square test and the significance level was set at p<0.05. Total 50 placentas were collected immediately from interviewed pregnant women after delivery (38-40 weeks of gestation) from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. According to the result yielded from the questionnaire 20 out of 50 placentas, showed no history of exposure to tobacco smoke, or consumption of tobacco in any form, and were labeled as controls. About 30 placentas were collected from passive smokers mostly exposed to smoke. The pregnant mother exposed to tobacco used by a chain-smoking husband or very close relative in a nuclear family was designated as a passive smoker. Results: The study indicated that there are significant statistical differences found among the pregnant women’s on their knowledge, attitude in term of pregnancy outcome and adverse effect on labor. The placenta exposed to passive smoking showed an increase in the connective tissue stroma in chorionic villi (intravillous fibroid) and some of them lost their trophoblastic covering. Also, the lumen of blood capillaries appeared obliterated and irregular. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that quantitative parameters of the placenta significantly showed changes in placenta from the passive smoker group compared to the controls. These changes can probably be associated with pregnancy complications in smoking mothers and may affect the development and survival of the fetus and even it’s future.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to explore and describe the sixth level nursing students’ perception regarding the use of OSCE assessment approach. Specifically, it investigated the students’ perception in terms of preparation, quality, and organization, format, validity, and reliability of OSCE. Methods: Observational study design of 50 female nursing students was utilized in this study. The OSCE consisted of 10 stations; the students’ perceptions about OSCE were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. Data were related to the organization of the OSCE measured by scoring scale Likert-scale questionnaires and Pierre, et al., questionnaire 2004. For the purpose of this study, only 18 items of the questionnaire were used to measure the preparation, quality and organization, format, validity, and reliability of OSCE. Results: The majority of students provided positive feedback about the OSCE quality attributes and organization, and provided positive feedback about the OSCE format, validity, and reliability. Results revealed that there is a positive and direct significant correlation between using OSCE sessions in training and OSCE examination. Conclusion: OSCE is a meaningful, fair, useful and an acceptable method for evaluating the nursing students’ clinical performance because of various positive specifications such as objectivity and fairness. Relevance to clinical practice: There is a far reaching understanding for clinical learning as it has a focal significance in nursing training. Compelling clinical stations are fundamental to turning into a skillful expert nursing caretaker. Learning in the nursing clinical area gives present reality to nursing students to build up the information, abilities, dispositions, and skills.