Evaluation of antibiotic use among sepsis patients in an intensive care unit

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic use and factors associated with outcomes among sepsis patients in an intensive care unit [ICU]

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from February to May 2017 and included all adult patients with sepsis or septic shock admitted to the ICU of Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Data were collected from the patients' medical records

Results: A total of 60 patients with sepsis or septic shock were admitted to the ICU during the study period. The most common source of infection was hospital-acquired pneumonia [61.7%] and the majority had two or more comorbidities [93.3%]. There were 115 antibiotic regimens prescribed. Overall, 33.3% of patients were prescribed inappropriate types of antibiotics and 51.7% were given an inappropriate dosage. The mortality rate was 68.3%. There was a statistically significant association between patient outcome and inappropriate doses of antibiotics [P = 0.034], although not inappropriate types of antibiotics [P = 0.050]. A multivariate analysis indicated that the main factors influencing patient outcome were septic shock and the presence of at least two comorbidities [P <0.050 each]

Conclusion: Inappropriate doses of antibiotics, a diagnosis of septic shock and the presence of at least two comorbidities were found to significantly increase the mortality rate of sepsis patients admitted to an ICU in Indonesia

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit of Fatmawati Hospital, Indonesia

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross sectional retrospective study of bacterial pathogen was carried out on a total of 722 patients that were admitted to the ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia during January 2009 to March 2010. All bacteria were identified by standard microbiologic methods, and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Specimens were collected from 385 patients who were given antimicrobial treatment, of which 249 (64.68%) were cultured positive and 136 (35.32%) were negative. The most predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (26.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (15.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.9%). P. aeruginosa isolates showed high rate of resistance to cephalexin (95.3%), cefotaxime (64.1%), and ceftriaxone (60.9%). Amikacin was the most effective (84.4%) antibiotic against P. aeruginosa followed by imipenem (81.2%), and meropenem (75.0%). K. pneumoniae showed resistance to cephalexin (86.5%), ceftriaxone (75.7%), ceftazidime (73.0%), cefpirome (73.0%) and cefotaxime (67.9%), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Most bacteria isolated from ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia were resistant to the third generation of cephalosporins, and quinolone antibiotics. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns is very important for setting orders to guide the clinician in choosing empirical or directed therapy of infected patients.</p>

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit of Fatmawati Hospital, Indonesia

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia. Methods: A cross sectional retrospective study of bacterial pathogen was carried out on a total of 722 patients that were admitted to the ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia during January 2009 to March 2010. All bacteria were identified by standard microbiologic methods, and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: Specimens were collected from 385 patients who were given antimicrobial treatment, of which 249 (64.68%) were cultured positive and 136 (35.32%) were negative. The most predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (26.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (15.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.9%). P. aeruginosa isolates showed high rate of resistance to cephalexin (95.3%), cefotaxime (64.1%), and ceftriaxone (60.9%). Amikacin was the most effective (84.4%) antibiotic against P. aeruginosa followed by imipenem (81.2%), and meropenem (75.0%). K. pneumoniae showed resistance to cephalexin (86.5%), ceftriaxone (75.7%), ceftazidime (73.0%), cefpirome (73.0%) and cefotaxime (67.9%), respectively. Conclusions: Most bacteria isolated from ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia were resistant to the third generation of cephalosporins, and quinolone antibiotics. Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns is very important for setting orders to guide the clinician in choosing empirical or directed therapy of infected patients.