ABSTRACT
Caroli disease is a rare congenital disorder characterized by dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts. The treatment could correspond to hepatic resection for localized disease. This paper describes a case of Caroli's disease in a 60 years old female patient, who presented jaundice and diffuse abdominal pain. Further examinations suggested the diagnosis of Caroli disease associated with cholestatic syndrome. We decided to perform a Hepp Couinaud biliodigestive bypass by video laparoscopy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. There were no immediate complications and no longterm complications after 6 months of follow-up. The VLP biliodigestive bypass in patients with associated cholestatic syndromes should be considered a treatment prior to a more aggressive approach.
La enfermedad de Caroli es un raro trastorno congénito que consiste en una dilatación de las vías biliares intrahepáticas. Su tratamiento definitivo debe consistir en resección hepática por la enfermedad localizada. Este artículo describe un caso de enfermedad de Caroli en una paciente de sexo femenino de 60 años de edad, quien presentó ictericia y dolor abdominal difuso. Exámenes posteriores sugirieron el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Caroli asociada con síndrome colestásico. Los médicos decidieron realizar un bypass biliodigestivo de Hepp Couinaud mediante videolaparoscopia con reconstrucción en Y de Roux. No hubo complicaciones inmediatas ni complicaciones a largo plazo después de 6 meses de seguimiento. El bypass biliodigestivo VLP en pacientes con síndromes colestásicos asociados debe considerarse un tratamiento previo a un abordaje más agresivo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Caroli Disease , LaparoscopyABSTRACT
Working memory (WM) designates the retention of objects or events in conscious awareness when these are not present in the environment. Many studies have focused on the interference properties of distracter stimuli in working memory, but these studies have mainly examined the influence of the intensity of these stimuli. Little is known about the memory modulation of hedonic content of distracter stimuli as they also may affect WM performance or attentional tasks. In this paper, we have studied the performance of a visual WM task where subjects recollect from five to eight visually presented objects while they are simultaneously exposed to additional - albeit weak- auditory or olfactory distracter stimulus. We found that WM performance decreases as the number of items to remember increases, but this performance was unaltered by any of the distracter stimuli. However, when performance was correlated to the subject's perceived hedonic values, distracter stimuli classified as negative exhibit higher error rates than positive, neutral or control stimuli. We demonstrate that some hedonic content of otherwise neutral stimuli can strongly modulate memory processes.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acoustic Stimulation , Attention/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Odorants , Photic Stimulation/methods , Reaction Time , Young AdultABSTRACT
Odor perception depends on the odorant-evoked changes on Mitral/Tufted cell firing pattern within the olfactory bulb (OB). The OB exhibits a significant "ongoing" or spontaneous activity in the absence of sensory stimulation. We characterized this ongoing activity by simultaneously recording several single neurons in the mitral cell layer (MCL) of anesthetized rats and determined the extent of synchrony and oscillations under nasal and tracheal breathing. We recorded 115 neurons and found no significant differences in the mean firing rates between both breathing conditions. Surprisingly, nearly all single units exhibited a long refractory period averaging 14.4 ms during nasal respiration that was not different under tracheal breathing. We found a small incidence (2% of neurons) of gamma band oscillations and a low incidence (8.1%) of correlated firing between adjacent MCL cells. During nasal respiration, a significant oscillation at the respiratory rate was observed in 12% of cells that disappeared during tracheal breathing. Thus, in the absence of odorants, MCL cells exhibit a long refractory period, probably reflecting the intrinsic OB network properties. Furthermore, in the absence of sensory stimulation, MCL cell discharge does not oscillate in the gamma band and the respiratory cycle can modulate the firing of these cells.