ABSTRACT
The ethosomes are vesicular carrier comprise of hydroalcoholic or hydro/alcoholic/glycolic phospholipid in which the concentration of alcohols or their combination is relatively high. To provide continuous drug infusion through an intact skin, several transdermal therapeutic systems have been developed for topical application onto the intact skin surface to control the delivery of drug and its subsequent permeation through the skin tissue. Transdermal route is promising alternative to drug delivery for systemic effect. An attempt was made to formulate the highly efficient ethosomal drug delivery system and enalapril meleate is used as model drug. The following conclusion are drown from the result and discussion described in the previous chapter. Liposomal formulation was also prepared by the thin film hydration method. The techniques used were simple and reproducible. The prepared ethosomes were spherical and discrete in shape. The size of vesicles were found to be in the range of 3.26-5.79 tim,o.716-1.3o1 tim and 5.32 tim for unsonicated ethosomes, sonicated ethosomes and liposomes respectively. However ethosomes prepared by sonication method were more uniform and smaller in size, which is essential for skin permeation. While comparing the entrapment efficiency, ethosomes containing 3o% w/w ethanol and prepared by sonication showed highest value with respect to all other formulation, so it is concluded ethosomes prepared by sonication and containing 3o% w/w ethanol as the best formulation considering all other aspects. The highest value of transdermal flux for sonicated ethosomes containing 3o% w/w ethanol is the indication of complete and rapid penetration through the skin may be because of tiny vesicular size.
ABSTRACT
The inflammatory response represents a generalized response to infection or tissue damage and is designed to remove cellular debris, to localize invading organisms and arrest the spread of infection. NSAIDS are metabolized primarily in the liver. They vary in their half-lives and bioavailability. Given the multitude of available NSAIDs, the variability of their half-lives allows for different dosing regimens. The fluid in the inflamed area is known as inflammatory exudates, commonly called as pus. These exudates contain dead cells and debris in addition to body fluids. The inflammatory response is characterized by the following symptoms: Reddening of the localized area, swelling, pain and elevated temperature. Reddening results from capillary dialation that allows more blood to flow to the damaged tissue. Elevated temperature results from capillary dialation which permits increased blood flow through these vessels, with associated high metabolic activities of neutrophils and macrophages. The release of histamine from mast cells during antigen antibody reactions is well known, as is its involvement in the inflammatory response to skin injury. The present review focused on list and precautions of NSAID with its typed and classification, Analgesic activity study, histamine.
ABSTRACT
Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation therapy has been practiced since longtime for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, alone or in combination with other treatments. It has been recommended as a harmless, relatively inexpensive and non-surgical method of restoring blood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. Ability of EDTA to form complex with heavy metals like calcium, lead, copper is used to remove calcium from arthrosclerosis plaques which ultimately improves the condition. It can be concluded that chelation therapy is emerging form of complementary or alternative medicine to surgery and can be used in safe manner. Still there is insufficient evidence to decide on the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of chelation therapy in improving clinical outcomes of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
ABSTRACT
In present study, the attempts have been made to formulate sustained release tablets of lornoxicam by direct compression method. Based on viscosity grades different proportions of hydrophilic polymers (HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M) are used for preparation of lornoxicam sustained release matrix tablet. The drug excipient mixtures were subjected to preformulation studies comprising of micromeritic properties. The tablets were subjected to various studies like as physicochemical studies, in vitro drug release, kinetic studies, etc. FTIR studies shown there was no interaction between drug and polymers. The physicochemical properties of tablets were found within the limits. Lornoxicam is a first generation analgesic, inflammatory & antipyretic agent used in relieving symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute sciatica and low back pain. From developed formulations batch F1 have shown zero order drug release behavior and prolong drug release over a period of 12 h which was deemed as suitable and optimum formulation for sustained drug delivery. Results of the present study indicated the suitability of the low viscous polymer in the proportion of (drug:polymer) 1:1 in the preparation of sustained release formulation of lornoxicam.