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Background: Surgical site infections, a common cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients can be prevented using an antimicrobial agent (AMA) as prophylaxis. Inappropriate use of AMA leads to antimicrobial resistance.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 208 patients in Owaisi Hospital and Research Centre (OHRC) for a period of 6 months on post-surgical patients admitted in the postoperative care unit. Included in the study were post-operative patients aged 18 years and above, who were willing to participate in the study. Data related to demography of the patients and the AMAs used in these patients was collected and analysed.Results: Majority of the patients belonged to the age group 50 to 59 years (32%) followed by 40 to 49 age group (23%). Male patients (54%) were more than females. Common route of administration was intravenous (89%) and the most common dosing frequency was thrice a day (54%). Most AMAs were used in combinations. Metronidazole (62%) was the most commonly prescribed AMA, followed by ceftriaxone (55%).Conclusions: Cephalosporins were the preferred antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis of aerobic infections prescribed in 74% of cases, while metronidazole was used as the primary antimicrobial agent to prevent anaerobic infections. AMA utilization needs to be continuously evaluated in post-operative units of the surgery departments in order to promote rational prescribing to decrease morbidity, cost of therapy and to contain the problem of developing AMA resistance in the region.
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Objectives Accessory C1 and C2 facet joints are very rare. Only few cases were reported in the literature.We report a case of bilateral accessory facets in an adult with special attention to clinical, neuroradiological, as well as peroperative findings. Case report A 37-year-old male presented with progressive quadriparesis. Radiology revealed bilateral posterior accessory C1 and C2 facet joints compressing the spinal cord with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) instability. Both accessory C1 and C2 facets with the posterior arch of the C1 were removed. Lateral mass screws and plates fixation at the C1 and C2 level, as well as fusion, were performed. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well. Conclusion In accessory C1 and C2 facet joints, when symptomatic, neuroradiological findings can guide to the proper diagnosis, to pathological understanding, and, ultimately, to management strategy.
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Humans , Male , Adult , Quadriplegia/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Cord Compression/diagnostic imaging , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities , Zygapophyseal Joint/abnormalities , Treatment Outcome , Decompression, Surgical/methodsABSTRACT
Background: Blood transfusion is a lifesaving process but carries many risks. Majority of these had been reduced with better diagnostic and management strategies. But the risk of non-infectious adverse transfusion reactions though reduced but cannot be eliminated. Hemovigilance is the system to monitor such reactions.Methods: The objective of current study was to know the frequency of adverse transfusion reactions and to compare it with local and international data. Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Ibn-e- Sina hospital. Adverse transfusion reactions reported to blood bank was analysed according to hospital protocol.Results: Out of 6050 blood transfusions 23 (0.38%) develop adverse transfusion reactions. Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction was the commonest adverse event and whole blood was the component implicated.Conclusions: Adverse transfusion reactions are non-infectious complications of blood transfusion which in spite of all efforts cannot be avoided. Frequency of adverse transfusion reactions in our study was 0.38% and Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction was commonest reported reaction type. Hemovigilance system is necessary to monitor, investigate and control such activities.
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Background: Pain and inflammation are the basic processes involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to treat rheumatic diseases. The study compound N-Benzoyl Isoserine Methyl Ester (N-bime) is a newly synthesized propionic acid derivative by National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. Since the biological data of this compound is not available, the present study has been planned to screen this compound for anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and its toxicity profile in animals.Methods: Single dose toxicity study was carried out in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested by Rat Hind Paw Oedema and Cotton Pellet Implantation method. For Analgesic activity, Acetic acid induced writhing and Tail Pinch method was used. Yeast induced Pyrexia was used for evaluation of anti-pyretic activity. Ibuprofen was the positive control. Data are presented as mean±SEM. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and students unpaired‘t’ test.Results: The test compound N-bime did not show any apparent adverse effects or mortality in the dose range 1mg - 500mg / 100gm body weight in animals. It showed better anti-inflammatory actions in higher doses as compared to Ibuprofen (p? 0.05). In acetic acid induced writhing test N-bime offered better protection against writhes, than Ibuprofen. But, both failed to demonstrate analgesic activity in the Tail Pinch method. N-bime showed a gradual decrease in temperature in the anti-pyretic test (P<0.001).Conclusions: The present study indicates that N-bime does possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and weak anti-pyretic properties like the NSAIDs. It has proved to be safe in the dose range of 1mg - 500mg / 100gm body weight in rats and mice.
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Concepts of polyculture of Vietnamese koi (Anabas testudineus) with others short cycle fish species especially in the semi-arid zone of Bangladesh helps to increase the production and utilization of water bodies. Optimization of stocking density with and economics of the culture system was evaluated to mini seasonals pond in Rangpur region, Bangladesh for a period 120 days ( 30 April to 30 August) ponds were randomly divided into three treatments with different stocking density, explicitly Vietnamese koi were stocked 74,000 ha-1, 98,000ha-1 and 1,23,000 ha-1 with other fish species in T1, T2 and T3 with triplicate. Fishes were given to commercially available pelleted feed (30% protein). Recorded water quality parameters were within the acceptable limit for fish culture. Sampling was done every fortnightly interval. After 120 days of culture period average harvesting weight was found 198.67±3.28 g, 179.67±9.06 g and 174.33±4.25 g in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Specific growth rate (SGR) in T1 (4.19) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than T3 (4.07) but less significant with T2 (4.10). Survival rate in T1 (85.3%) varied significantly among the treatment, however total production (kgha-1) in T3 was (17859.96±230.21) significantly higher (P<0.05) rather than T2 (15237.46±669.31) and T1 (13278.91± 78.0) but benefit cost ratio in T1 (1.64±0.03) varied with T2 (1.52±0.0) and T3 (1.40±0.02). It can be calculated that there is a huge potentiality for utilization of seasonals ponds with proper culture technique of short cycle fishes in the semi-arid zone of Bangladesh.
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Abstract Introduction Oral cavity carcinoma is an aggressive tumor, with the tongue being one of the most common subsites of involvement. Surgery is a gold standardmethod of dealing with advanced-stage tumors. However, for early-stage carcinomas of the tongue, the management remains controversial. Several studies have indicated that early-stage cancers have a high chance of occult cervical node metastasis, which, if left untreated, can greatly affect the prognosis. Certain parameters can help identify patients with occult cervical node metastases, and can avoid unnecessary neck dissection in node negative patients. Tumor thickness is one such objective parameter. Objective To estimate the frequency of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage, node-negative (N0) squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Methods In-patient hospital data was reviewed from January 2013 until March 2014, and 78 patients who underwent primary resection of the tumor and neck dissection for biopsy-proven, early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were included. Data such as tumor thickness, tumor differentiation and presence of occult nodal metastasis in the surgical specimen were gathered from the histopathology reports. The frequency of subclinical cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was estimated. Results A total of 69% of the patients with tumor thicknesses > 5 mm had tumor metastases in the neck nodes, while 100% of the patients with tumor thicknesses < 5 mm had no neck nodal metastasis. Conclusion A tumor thickness > 5 mm is significantly associated with subclinical metastasis, and prophylactic neck dissection is warranted in such cases.
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Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease in pregnancy involving interplay of multiple genetic, immunologic and environmental factors. The primary pathology of PE is related to abnormal placentation. Uterine artery doppler in the first trimester is a promising screening test for prediction of PE. Objective: To study the role of first trimester uterine artery doppler in prediction of preeclampsia. Methods: A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the role of uterine artery doppler in the 11- 14 week scan for prediction of preeclampsia and associated IUGR. A total number of 200 women who met our selection criteria were included in the study. Uterine artery doppler was done as part of the 11-14 weeks scan and mean uterine artery PI was calculated. Results: Among the women in the study, PE was detected in 21 women with incidence of 11 %. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of mean uterine artery PI for development of PI were 76%, 86%, 39% and 96% respectively. Conclusions: Early identification of pregnancies at high-risk of early onset PE and undertaking the necessary measures to improve placentation can reduce the burden of the disease by using prophylactic aspirin. Effective screening for early onset PE can be achieved in the first-trimester of pregnancy with maternal history, uterine artery doppler and biochemical markers. Biochemical screening for preeclampsia needs to become cheaper and easily accessible for better prediction of PE in first trimester.
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Objective: To differentiate between Ambler class A, B and D of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by using simple phenotypic methods that can be carried out in the laboratory without requiring any specialised techniques. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Department, Army Medical College, NUST, Islamabad, from November 2015 to November 2016
Methodology: Clinical specimens were subjected to identification of Enterobacteriaceae by colony morphology and API 20 E. Carbapenem resistance was detected by applying meropenem disc [10 microg] by disc diffusion method according to CLSI [Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute] criteria. Carbapenemase production among Enterobacteriaceae was detected by Modified Hodge test. Phenotypic methods, Phenylboronic acid [for Class A KPC producing Enterobacteriaceae] and EDTA inhibition tests [for Class B MBL producing Entrobacteriaceae] were applied. Presence of OXA 48 was detected by phenotypic method using imipenem 10 microg, EDTA and PBA discs. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method
Results: Forty-three out of 45 [95.45%] were carbapenemase producers. Thirty-eight out of 43 [88.3%] were KPC producers and 4 out of 43 [11.62%] were MBL producers. All KPC producers were Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among five MBL producers, one each [20%] was Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli and 3 [60%] were Klebsiella pneumoniae. All MBL producers were resistant to aztreonam and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Two of the KPC producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were pan-drug resistant [resistant to colistin and tigecycline]. Two were non-carbapenemase producers
Conclusion: Enterobacteriaceae strains producing KPC-type carbapenemase were the most prevalent [88.3%] in the studied healthcare setup
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The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of pretreatment prednisolone on post-endodontic pain in comparison with placebo. Patients of irreversible pulpitis were arbitrarily divided into two equal groups [group A and group B] each comprising of 45 patients. In group A premedication [prednisolone] was given and in group B placebo was given. Pain level was evaluated on visual analogue scale as no, mild, moderate or severe pain according to score. The overall effectiveness was noted after 24 hours. It was concluded that Pretreatment prednisolone was more effective for prevention of Postendodontic [PEP] pain in comparison to placebo
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Objectives: We sought to describe the epidemiological and clinical features of typhoid fever in Qatar
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients treated for typhoid fever at Hamad General Hospital and Alkhor Hospital between 2005 and 2012
Results: The mean age of the 354 patients enrolled in the study was 28.4+/-9.3 years; 296 [83.6%] were males. There were 42, 48, 39, 44, 46, 47, 52, and 36 cases of adults with typhoid fever in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. Overall, 343 [96.9%] patients had a history of travel to endemic areas. Among them, 93.0% acquired typhoid fever in the Indian subcontinent. Fever was observed in all cases, and the other predominant symptoms were abdominal pain [38.1%], diarrhea [35.6%], and headache [33.1%]. Salmonella typhi, showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin [n = 163; 46.0%], and low resistance to ceftriaxone [n = 2; 0.6%]. Four patients developed intestinal perforation, which was surgically repaired in two cases. Two patients [0.6%] died
Conclusions: Typhoid fever was frequent among immigrants to endemic areas. Travelers returning from endemic areas with suspected typhoid fever should be treated empirically with third-generation cephalosporin after obtaining appropriate cultures. Moreover, preventive measurements such as education on food and water hygiene, and effective vaccination of travelers should be practiced widely among travelers to endemic areas to reduce morbidity and mortality
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Cocoa powder has been used widely as a soothing rich chocolate drink, in baking and medical purposes for centuries. It is a rich source of polyphenols. The study was conducted on 48 Albino rats, randomly allocated into 4 groups. The control group was considered as group I in which rats were given normal saline along with standard diet while rats in the experimental group II, III and IV were given low, medium and high dosage of cocoa extract respectively dissolved in water by oral gavage daily along with standard rat chow diet. A 3mm surgical excisional wound was created on both left and right buccal mucosa of rats of all four groups with the help of punch-biopsy procedure. Tissue samples were obtained by sacrificing the rats on 3rd, 7th and 14th day after the surgical procedure. Gene expression of Tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] was evaluated through Real Time PCR [qPCR] and levels were measured quantitatively. The study concluded that cocoa powder extract in high dosage did have a positive effect in modulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines by decreasing gene expression of TNF-alpha and reducing the inflammatory process
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The field of orthodontics has improved many folds since its advent in 1900 century. Orthodontic bonding to enamel surface has massively improved the control of clinician in an effort to settle teeth in an ideal occlusion. Amalgam fillings have been in use since the development of the field of dentistry. Orthodontist more often than not comes across amalgam as a surface to bond bracket in term of fixed orthodontic therapy. The strength of bond between orthodontic bracket and amalgam has to improve, in order to insure the most important phase of orthodontic treatment that is orthodontic bonding.The aim of this study was to compare mean shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on sand-blasted versus diamond bur roughened amalgam surfaces.This randomized control trial was performed in the Department of Orthodontics, FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry Lahore. Sixty extracted human maxillary premolars and molars were used. They were randomly divided into two study groups of 30 teeth. In group-I, brackets were bonded to amalgam using sandblasting with 50 um alumina particles. In group-II, brackets were bonded after amalgam surface was roughened with a diamond bur. Brackets were debonded using AGS-J SHI-MADZU 5 KN universal testing machine with cross head speed of 1mm/min and shear bond strength was measured along with it.Shear bond strength of sandblasted group was higher than the diamond roughened group.In this in vitro study, it was concluded that the shear bond strength of sandblasted group on bonding stainless steel brackets to amalgam surface was significantly higher than that obtained with diamond bur roughening
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Abstract Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the head and neck, with the buccal mucosa being the most common site involved. Early locoregional metastasis is a hallmark of this disease, and early stage tumors may harbor metastatic nodes that are occult. Certain parameters can help identify high-risk patients for whom the pattern of occult nodal metastasis can be predicted. Tumor thickness is one such objective parameter. Objective To determine the relationship of tumor thickness with neck node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa. Methods A retrospective chart review of 102 patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa with N0 Necks was performed. All patients underwent tumor resection with neck dissection, and the tumor thickness was measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results A total of 102 patients, of which 73.53% were males and 26.47% were females. Themean age of the patients was 49.3 ± 11.1 years. It was found that the risk of neck node metastasis in buccal squamous cell carcinoma increases 35.5 times for a tumor thickness ≥ 2 mm, and the risk of neck nodemetastasis in buccal squamous cell carcinoma decreases by 0.58 times for each centimeter decrease in tumor size, while the rate of occult neck lymph node metastasis was found to be 37%. Conclusion We conclude that tumor thickness is significantly related with neck nodal metastasis in buccal squamous cell carcinoma, considering the age of the patient and the size of the tumor.
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Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter has appeared an organism of uncertain resistivity towards antimicrobial agents. Among non-fermenting bacterium Acinetobacter is the second-most-commonly-isolated organisms in human. The fast intensify of their resistance to antibiotics, especially global emergence and extend of Acinetobacter strains resistant to carbapenem more restricted the therapeutic alternatives. The importation of A. baumannii and subsequent presence in hospitals has been well documented. In this study we evaluate the resistivity of Acinetobacter against carbapenem antibiotics at Jinnah University for Women, Karachi. Total 439 isolates of Acinetobacter were collected from different clinical samples of hospitalized patients, identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiograms were done on Mueller-Hinton agar plates with disk diffusion method [Kirby Bauer method]. Disc tested: Meropenem [10 micro g/disk]. Among 439 samples, 300 [68.3%] samples were resistant to Meropenem and the remaining that is 139 [31.7%] showed sensitivity to the drugs. In developing countries including Pakistan the contentment of multi drug resistance and their dissemination in Acinetobacter species is not a simple task. While multiple drug resistance is increasing in this pathogen and Carbapenem conflict is quickly spreading which may become a major threat in future
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Humans , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Carbapenems/antagonists & inhibitors , beta-Lactam Resistance , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , PakistanABSTRACT
Introduction: Childhood immunization remains one of the most important ways of preventing outbreaks of deadly diseases. Even with full-fledged active Expanded programme of immunization [EPI] initiated in Pakistan, the percentage of children getting vaccinated remain far below our required levels. Infant mortality in Pakistan is highest among SAARC countries, which at present stands at 70 deaths per 1,000 live births, according to a report compiled by the Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child [SPARC]
Objective: This study was carried out to assess mother's education, knowledge and level of awareness of childhood immunization among the pregnant women. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: Jinnah Medical and Dental College Karachi in department of community Health sciences [CHS]. Study period: April 2012 to June 2012
Methods: A total number of Four hundred pregnant [400] women were interviewed in both OPDs and wards of Lady Dufferin Hospital and JMCH Karachi. The questionnaire contained a total of nineteen questions. All of them were self-asked in local language
Results: A significant number of child bearing women [81.5%] had good knowledge and aptitude about childhood immunization and are likely to get their children vaccinated
Conclusion: The higher the people are aware regarding childhood immunization, the more they are likely to get their children vaccinated. The level of awareness invariably correlated with the level of education of pregnant women. This tells us the literacy rate along with efficient immunization campaigns can help us fight against the war of high infant mortality rate against curable diseases
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Humans , Women , Mortality , Pregnant Women , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mother-Child Relations , Knowledge , Awareness , Surveys and Questionnaires , EducationABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency and antibiogram of pathogens in an Intensive care unit [ICU]
Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, from January 2013 to January 2014
Methodology: Clinical samples, received from patients admitted in ICU, were inoculated on various medias like blood agar, chocolate agar, MacConkey agar and urine samples on CLED. These were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours
Isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram reaction, catalase test, oxidase test. Species identification in case of Gram Negative Rods was done by using API 20E [BioMerieux]. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Bacterial isolates were prepared and inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates followed by application of various antibiotic disc [Oxoid, UK] as per manufacturer's instructions. The plates were then incubated at 37°C aerobically for 18 - 24 hours. Zone diameters were measured and interpreted as sensitive and resistant, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI] guidelines
Results: Out of the 367 positive cultures, 116 [31.08%] were Acinetobacter baumannii susceptible to minocycline and tigecycline followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae [n=71, 16%] susceptible to tigecycline and meropenem. Others were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coll, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella oxytoca, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida spp
Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Most of the cultures yielding pathogens were from respiratory tract samples. Gram negative isolates were multidrug resistant but most were tigecycline and susceptible to meropenem
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Elasticated retractors, a recent advancement in surgical techniques, provide an enhanced and effective way of retraction during head and neck surgeries. These have been used for a number of procedures and are known for their effective retraction and minimizing surgical time span. This article highlights the authors' experience and the pros and cons of this technique
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Introduction Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is seen with morbidity and mortality in various surgical specialties, scarce data are available in the head and neck surgery domain. Objective We aim to determine the incidence of VTE in patients receiving surgery for head and neck cancer. Methods Four hundred thirteen patients who underwent head and neck surgery procedures between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients with head and neck surgery had received thromboprophylaxis (i.e., compression stockings and subcutaneous heparin). Patient demographics, operating time, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. The incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during the initial postoperative hospitalization was assessed. Results Twelve patients were identified who developed VTE. Three patients developed DVT, and nine developed PE. The incidence of DVT and PE was 0.72 and 2.17%, respectively. Interestingly, all of these patients had undergone excision of extensive head and neck cancers accompanied by a reconstructive procedure. Patients who developed PE had a longer hospital stay compared with those who only had DVT. There were overall three mortalities in the nine patients who developed PE. Conclusion Although VTE has a low incidence, it is a known complication of extensive head and neck surgeries with life-threatening outcomes. We recommend early mobilization and physiotherapy with the possible aid from appropriate mechanical and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.
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Humans , Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Venous Thrombosis/surgery , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , AnticoagulantsABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of ceftaroline with linezolid against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from January to December 2013. Methodology: Clinical samples from respiratory tract, blood, pus and various catheter tips routinely received in the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi were innoculated on blood and MacConkey agar. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by colony morphology, Gram reaction, catalase test and coagulase test. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc [30microg] and the isolates were considered methicillin resistant if the zone of inhibition around cefoxitin disc was = 21 mm. Bacterial suspensions of 56 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 50 MRSA isolates were prepared, which were st and ardized equal to 0.5 McFarl and 's turbidity st and ard and inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar plates followed by application of ceftaroline and linezolid disc [Oxoid, UK], according to manufacturer's instructions. The plates were then incubated at 37°C aerobically for 18 - 24 hours. Diameters of inhibition zone were measured and interpretated as per Clinical and Laboratory St and ards Institute [CLSI] guidelines. Results: Out of 106 isolates all of the 56 Staphylococcus aureus [100%] were sensitive to ceftaroline and linezolid. However, out of 50 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 48 [96%] were sensitive to ceftaroline whereas, 49 [98%] were sensitive to linezolid. Conclusion: Ceftaroline is equally effective as linezolid against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Key Words: Ceftaroline. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Linezolid.
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Objective: To assess the in vitro efficacy of doripenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii using Epsilometer strips
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, from May 2014 to September 2014
Methodology: A total of 60 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from various clinical samples received from Military Hospital were included in the study. The specimens were inoculated onto blood, MacConkey and chocolate agars. The isolates were identified using Gram staining, motility, catalase test, oxidase test and API 20NE [Biomeriux, France]. Organisms identified as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included in the study. Bacterial suspensions equivalent to 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard of the isolates were prepared and applied on Mueller Hinton agar. Epsilometer strip was placed in the center of the plate and incubated for 18-24 hours. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was taken to be the point where the epsilon intersected the E-strip. MIC of all the isolates was noted
Results: For Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, MIC[50] was 12 [micro]g/mL and MIC[90] was 32 [micro]g/mL. For Acinetobacter baumannii MIC[50] and MIC[90] was 32 [micro]g/mL
Conclusion: Doripenem is no more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in our setting