ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted in an organized farm of Jammu region, Jammu and Kashmir state having history of late-term abortions in cattle and buffaloes to elucidate the role of brucellosis in causing abortions on the farm. The farm had 46 animals (23 adults, 15 heifers and 9 calves). The farm was positive in herd test (milk ring test). Serological tests viz., Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and serum agglutination test (SAT) were conducted on 30 serum samples and 11 samples were found positive in both tests. Five vaginal swabs from abortion cases were processed for isolation and 3 isolates of Brucella were obtained which on further characterization by biochemical tests, genus-specific PCR and species-specific PCR were identified as B. abortus biovar 1. As brucellosis is an anthropozoonoses, the high prevalence of brucellosis in livestock of farm demands the surveillance of disease in humans working on the farm and necessitates the control of disease on the farm.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to characterize the vaginal bacterial flora and subsequent conception rates after AI in buffaloes subjected to 3 different estrous induction regimes-the use of CIDR and use of two intravaginal sponges (Polyurethane sponges with micronized progesterone and Polyurethane sponges with micronized progesterone with Carboxy methyl cellulose). The estrus induction was 100% in Group I and II followed by 91.67 % in group III. The pregnancy rates were Group I, II and III were 50.00, 66.67 and 54.55% respectively. All the vaginal swabs in all three groups yielded growth of bacteria and the predominance of mixed isolates over single isolates 81.94% vs 18.06% was indicative of dominance of mixed culture over single isolates. E. coli, Staphylococcus, Proteus and Klebsiela spp. were the commonest isolates obtained prior to insertion and after removal of implants in postpartum anestrus buffaloes. The gram positive bacteria were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacillus spp. while, gram negative bacteria were E. coli, Proteus and Klebsiella spp. These organisms could be considered as a part of the normal bacterial flora of the buffalo
ABSTRACT
After recovery from persistent diarrhea, some children have recurrent episodes of diarrhea and associated problems. We undertook this study to identify the risk factors responsible for this relapse. All patients reporting at 1 month follow up since discharge, with > 7 diarrheal days, or inadequate weight gain compared to the weight at discharge, constituted the failure group. All others constituted the non-failure group. Various risk factors were studied in 21 cases (failure group), and 42 controls (non-failure group). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association of hospital stay < 5 days (OR 10.6; 95% CI 3.13-36), working mothers (OR 8.5; 95% CI 2.5-27), poor socioeconomic status (OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.4-14) and presence of younger sibling (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.1-12.6) with failed outcome. On logistic regression analysis, only hospital stay < 5 days (OR 11.7; 95% CI 1.02-134.68) and female children (OR 17.65; 95% CI 1.26-246) remained significant. We therefore conclude, that a short hospital stay, limited optimal contact and limited health education adversely affects the outcome. Pediatricians should be more cautious while managing female children.