Serological, Isolation and Molecular Studies on Brucellosis in an Organized Farm, Jammu and Kashmir, India

The present study was conducted in an organized farm of Jammu region, Jammu and Kashmir state having history of late-term abortions in cattle and buffaloes to elucidate the role of brucellosis in causing abortions on the farm. The farm had 46 animals (23 adults, 15 heifers and 9 calves). The farm was positive in herd test (milk ring test). Serological tests viz., Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and serum agglutination test (SAT) were conducted on 30 serum samples and 11 samples were found positive in both tests. Five vaginal swabs from abortion cases were processed for isolation and 3 isolates of Brucella were obtained which on further characterization by biochemical tests, genus-specific PCR and species-specific PCR were identified as B. abortus biovar 1. As brucellosis is an anthropozoonoses, the high prevalence of brucellosis in livestock of farm demands the surveillance of disease in humans working on the farm and necessitates the control of disease on the farm.

Vaginal Bacterial Profile in Buffaloes Following Treatment with Progesterone Insert

The objective of this study was to characterize the vaginal bacterial flora and subsequent conception rates after AI in buffaloes subjected to 3 different estrous induction regimes-the use of CIDR and use of two intravaginal sponges (Polyurethane sponges with micronized progesterone and Polyurethane sponges with micronized progesterone with Carboxy methyl cellulose). The estrus induction was 100% in Group I and II followed by 91.67 % in group III. The pregnancy rates were Group I, II and III were 50.00, 66.67 and 54.55% respectively. All the vaginal swabs in all three groups yielded growth of bacteria and the predominance of mixed isolates over single isolates 81.94% vs 18.06% was indicative of dominance of mixed culture over single isolates. E. coli, Staphylococcus, Proteus and Klebsiela spp. were the commonest isolates obtained prior to insertion and after removal of implants in postpartum anestrus buffaloes. The gram positive bacteria were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Bacillus spp. while, gram negative bacteria were E. coli, Proteus and Klebsiella spp. These organisms could be considered as a part of the normal bacterial flora of the buffalo

Endoscopic Management of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Long-term Follow-up

Objectives: To report our experience with endoscopicmanagement of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by injection of atissue bulking substance – Dextranomer/ hyaluronic acid co-polymer at vesicoureteric junction.Design: Retrospective analyses of case records.Setting: Pediatric Surgery department in a tertiary caregovernment Institute.Participants: 500 children (767 renal units) consecutivelyreferred to the out-patient department with vesicoureteral refluxnoted on micturating cysto-urethrogram (MCU) over a period of13 years (2004-2016).Intervention: Preoperative VUR grading and renal scars onradionuclide scans were documented. Dextranomer hyaluronicacid copolymer was injected through a cystoscope at thevesicoureteral junction as a day care procedure under shortanesthesia. Patients were followed (average duration 27.3 mo)with clinical assessment, periodic urine cultures and renal scans.Main outcome measure: Cessation of VUR and symptomaticrelief / clinical success postoperatively at 3 months.Results: Complete symptomatic relief was obtained in 482(96.4%) patients. In 681 units where MCU was available, 614(90%) units showed resolution of VUR.Conclusion: Endoscopic injection of tissue bulking substancesat vesicoureteric junction to stop VUR seems to be an effectiveintervention