ABSTRACT
Introduction: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) has beenrecognized as a public health problem in India Enlargementof thyroid gland is the common manifestation of the IDDand goiter prevalence survey is used as diagnostic tool foridentifying areas of IDD. Failure to undertake early detectionand intervention measure results in secondary disablingconditions. Aim: In the present study we have estimated theprevalence of goiter in the age group of 6-12 years in districtBandipura of Jammu and Kashmir state, India and haveassessed type of salt consumed by the population.Material and Methods: This was a Cross-sectional studyconducted in Bandipura district of J and K state and the studywas conducted between July 2018 to October 2018. Samplingmethod was Gender stratified cluster sampling technique andthe sample size was based on a goiter prevalence of 30% and95% confidence interval. 30 clusters were selected and eachcluster included 90 children. Data was entered in Microsoftexcel and then analyzed using appropriate statistical software.Data was interpreted using percentages, means and SD.Results: The prevalence of grade 1 and grade 2 goitre inmales was 35.6% and 15.1% respectively whereas it was30.8% and 15.1% in females and the prevalence was morein males to the extent of 52.08% and in girls it was 49.23%.Goitre was found to be highest (51.7%) in subjects 12 yearsof age and lowest (40.6%) in subjects aged 7 years of age.There was a significantly higher goitre prevalence in childrenwho consumed crystalline/non-iodised salt than in childrenconsuming iodised salt. The TGR was 61.4% and 46.9% inchildren consuming non-iodised and iodised salt respectivelyConclusion: We conclude our study with the finding thatpopulation of Bandipura district in the north Kashmir isseverely iodine deficient. We recommended a major thrustin the implementation of NIDDCP in the said district withregular and continuous monitoring of iodine status.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In paediatric patients blood stream infection(BSI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Theemerging of causative agents and resistance to variousantimicrobial agents are increased from time to time. The aimof this study was to describe the microbiological characteristicsof BSI in paediatric patients (<12 years). Neonates wereexcluded.Material and Methods: Data was collected from paediatricpatients who had BSI. Blood culture was done in BacT Alert3D. Isolates from these patients were identified on Vitek IICompact. Study was done between from January 2018 toDecember 2018 at Paediatric hospital GMC Srinagar.Results: A total of 120 patients had BSI. All episodes weremonomicrobial.78 (65%) were males and 42 (35%) werefemales. 67 (56%) of the isolates were Gram positive bacteriaand 53 (44%) were Gram negative. The commonest Grampositive bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus 52(78%) followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS)8 (12%), Enterococcus fecalis 4(6%) and Streptococcuspneumonia 3(4%).Conclusion: Majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant.These higher percentages of multi-drug resistant emergedisolates urge us to take infection prevention measures and toconduct other large studies for appropriate empiric antibioticchoice.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is a vasoproliferativedisorder of the retina among premature infants. It is animportant cause of preventable blindness in children. Recentadvances in neonatal care in the last decade have improved thesurvival rates of premature infants, consequently the incidenceof retinopathy of prematurity has increased in parallel. Theobjective of the present study was to identify the risk factorsassociated with development of ROP in preterm neonates.Material and Methods: This was a prospective observationalstudy conducted on all preterm neonates admitted in theneonatology section of Government Medical College Srinagarwho fulfilled the criteria for ROP screening.Results: A total of 150 preterm neonates were screened, out ofwhich 32 had ROP of different stages. 7 babies were detectedwith stage 3 ROP and needed laser therapy. Risk factorsassociated with ROP were studiedConclusion: Our study revealed 21.3% incidence of ROP.Prematurity, low birth weight and oxygen therapy were foundto be strong predictors of ROP. Sepsis,blood transfusionand apnea were found to be statistically significant factorsassociated with ROP