ABSTRACT
Objective: 1.To Study the potential risk factors for congenital malformations in neonates admitted at two tertiary care hospitals of public sector in Lahore city. 2.To find out the frequency of systems affected in congenital anomalies
Methods: It was a "case series" study conducted at Children hospital and Services hospital Lahore. All the congenital malformations from 1st April to 30th April, 2013, in neonates admitted in these institutions were included in the study. Mothers of 40 cases of congenital malformations were interviewed after taking verbal consent, using self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 14
Results: The frequency of cousin marriages in parents with congenitally malformed children was considerably high i.e. 65%. Majority of mothers i.e. 62.5% were below metric, 87.5% belonged to low income group, 62.5% did not made an increase in diet during pregnancy, 35% suffered from stress during pregnancy and 30% had previous abortion. The number of anomalies of urogenital system and GIT were higher with frequency of 45% and 30% respectively with a cumulative frequency of 75%
Conclusion: The frequency of congenital malformations was considerably higher among parents with consanguinity, in low income groups, mother's education less than metric and paternal age greater than 30 years. The number of anomalies of urogenital system and GIT were higher in our subjects with frequency of 45% and 30% respectively with a cumulative frequency of 75%
ABSTRACT
Objective: assesment of the determinants of decrease in tendency for breast feeding among mothers visiting Gynae and Peads OPD of Services Hospital Lahore
Material and Methods: this was a cross sectional, descriptive study, carried out at Services Hospital, Lahore. Study duration was 3 months from June 2014 to August 2014. Study population included all mothers before menopause in Gynae and Paeds OPD of Services Hospital Lahore. A predesigned structured questionnaire was used to collect data from mothers. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Consent was obtained on the form beforehand
Results: breastfeeding practices were more in the mothers who had knowledge about benefits of breastfeeding. The percentage of women having knowledge of benefits had increased tendency to start breastfeed their child within 30 minutes of birth and to continue it for 2 years. Mothers who had breastfeeding as a family tradition were provided with more suitable environment which led to increased tendency for breast feeding. On contrary the mothers who we're not provided with a suitable environment and did not have breastfeeding as family tradition had decreased tendency to breast feed their children. Mothers who were in good health condition had increased tendency to breastfed their children. Breast feeding practice in women who did not consider breastfeeding as old fashion and did not think breast feeding to affect their figure was more than the mothers who preferred top feeding as a fashion. The breastfeeding practice in women who had a good health status i.e. did not have systemic disease ,breast abnormality and felt healthy after breast feeding is more than the mothers who had poor health status
Conclusion: from the results it was concluded that lack of knowledge about benefits of breastfeeding, misconceptions about taboos regarding breastfeeding affecting figure and is an old fashioned practice, poor health status of mothers, increased work load on the part of mothers and lack of suitable environment to breastfeed led to decrease in tendency for breastfeeding
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Objective: to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal manifestations in diabetic patients and to examine the possible predictors for its development
Material and Methods: we performed a cross sectional study from 1 April 2013 to 31 June 2013 to evaluate the musculoskeletal manifestations in diabetic patients at Diabetic Management Center of Services Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Base line variables were examined to determine the association of musculoskeletal manifestations. Analysis was carried out using Statistical package for Social Sciences [SPSS version 20]
Results: 100 patients were included; 34% had musculoskeletal manifestations. Of these 34 patients 29 [85%] were type 2 DM. The most common manifestations were adhesive capsulitis [n=13], carpal tunnel syndrome [n=12] and muscle atrophy [n=9]. A significant association was found between gender [p=0.041], overweight [p=0.021] and neuropathy
Conclusion: musculoskeletal manifestations are recognized in diabetic patients. Physicians should consider examining the particular regions in the joints of shoulders and hands during their routine visits
ABSTRACT
Objective: to observe the different patterns of congenital cataract in children and to determine the age at which maximum cases are reported
Material and Methods: descriptive cross sectional .Study was conducted on patients of congenital cataract in different hospitals of Lahore and Study duration was 03 months. All participants were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Parents of patients of congenital cataract were interviewed after taking verbal consent using questionnaire method. Data was analyzed using SPSS
Results: in this study 30 cases of congenital cataract were examined age ranging from 0-8 years in the four hospitals of Lahore. Majority [70%] of the cases of congenital cataract are reported up to age 4 years. Out of 30 cases of congenital cataract 56% are male and 43% are female. Majority [83.3%] of cases are reported with bilateral congenital Cataract. Nystagmus and squint as associated symptoms are present in majority [63.3%] cases. Hereditary trait regarding congenital cataract is observed in 46.7% of cases. Maternal rubella infection as a cause of congenital cataract is reported in majority [73.3%] of cases. Congenital cataract in associated with metabolic disorders is reported in 26. 7% of cases. Majority of patients [73.3%] are having lamellar pattern
Conclusion: most patients are reported up to the age of 4 years. Males are predominantly affected. Maternal rubella is found to be commonest cause. Most of cases are with bilateral presentation. Majority of cases have lamellar pattern
ABSTRACT
Multiple factors such as genetic and environmental, are involved in causing hearing impairment (HI). Severe or profound hearing loss affects approximately one in 1000 children worldwide and half of these cases are due to genetic factors. In case of hereditary nonsyndromic HI, approximately 7580% of cases are involved in autosomal recessive inheritance and 15% of cases involve autosomal dominant inheritance. HI represents extreme genetic heterogeneity. In nonsyndromic deafness, 135 loci have been mapped till now including 77 autosomal recessive genes of which only 29 corresponding nuclear genes have been cloned. This study was designed to apply bioinformatic approach for reducing large number of candidate genes responsible for deafness to a handy number for their mutation analysis. Databases of expressed mouse inner ear genes and the expressed human cochlear genes were used to cross-reference all genes present in particular locus predicting candidate genes for phenotypes of nonsyndromic hereditary HI. These candidate genes are a source of starting point for mutation analysis along with genetic linkage to refine the loci. After characterization, it was observed that KIAA119 and EDN3 are candidate genes for deafness. In present study, there were total 14 loci and two genes KIAA119 and EDN3 were identified as candidate genes in locus 48 and locus 65 respectively. If mutation analysis of the two characterized genes is done, it will not be a comparatively time taking and labor-intensive process as these genes are only two in number.
Diversos fatores, tais como genéticos e ambientais, estão envolvidos na causa da deficiência auditiva (HI). A perda auditiva severa ou profunda afeta aproximadamente uma em cada 1000 crianças em todo o mundo e metade destes casos são devidos a fatores genéticos. Em relação a HI não-sindrômica hereditária, cerca de 75-80% dos casos estão envolvidos na herança autossômica recessiva e 15% dos casos envolvem herança autossômica dominante. HI representa extrema heterogeneidade genética. Em casos de surdez, 135 loci foram mapeados até agora, incluindo 77 genes autossômicos recessivos das quais apenas 29 genes correspondentes nucleares foram clonados. Este estudo foi desenhado para aplicar abordagem de bioinformática a fim de reduzir o grande número de genes candidatos responsáveis pela surdez a um número útil para a análise de mutação. Bases de dados de genes expressos do ouvido interno em camundongos e de genes expressos na cóclea em humanos foram usados para cruzar todos os genes presentes no locus específico prevendo genes candidatos para os fenótipos de HI não sindrômica hereditária. Estes genes candidatos são uma fonte de ponto de partida para a análise de mutação, juntamente com a ligação gênica para refinar os locos. Após a caracterização, verificouse que KIAA119 e EDN3 são genes candidatos para a surdez. No presente estudo, houve um total de 14 locos e dois genes KIAA119 e EDN3 foram identificados como genes candidatos no locus 48 e locus 65, respectivamente. Se a análise de mutação dos dois genes caracterizados for feita, não será um processo comparativamente longo e trabalhoso uma vez que são apenas dois genes.
Subject(s)
Disabled Persons , Genetic Heterogeneity , Computational Biology , Genes , Hearing LossABSTRACT
Objective: to appraise general practitioners in the management of acute watery diarrhea for children under 5 years of age and to identify various factors contributing to current practices of general practitioners for the case management of diarrhea
Material and Methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 380 general practitioners [GPs] selected through simple random sampling from the list of GPs working in the private sector of Lahore city Their knowledge and practices regarding management of AWD for the children under 5 years of age was determined by using semi structured questionnaire and data was analyzed using SPSS version 1 6.0
Result: of the 380 GPs working in the private sector of Lahore city, 339 [89%] were males and 41 [11%] were females. GPs with MBSS only prescribed 2.3 + 1.6 drugs / prescription whereas pediatricians with minor diploma prescribed 1.9 + 1.6 drugs / prescription. A statistically significant difference was observed between qualification of GPs, experience as GPs, knowledge regarding WHO guidelines, attending courses at DTU and their prescribing trend for ORS, antimicrobials and anti-diarrheal, and zinc
Conclusion: the dearth in the knowledge of GPs pertaining to the latest protocols elaborated by WHO and UNICEF has unearthed a dire need for their continuous medical education under the stewardship of the Government of Pakistan by allocating essential resources to update the information level of GPs catering medical services for almost 80% of community
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the incidence of bony injuries and soft tissue injuries among the medicolegal cases reviewed at the forensic medicine department, NMC, Multan
Material and Methods: A study of 397 medico legal cases was carried out at Forensic medicine department, N.M.C Multan during the month of October, November, December 2007, to evaluate the incidence of bony injuries and soft tissue injuries
Results: It was observed that male cases were dominant and cases of fight were also predominant and were the leading cause of injury, while the second commonest cause was road side accidents. The most common bony injuries in the form of fractures were related to the skull and face, while the second commonest were those related to the fractures of long bones, including tibia, fibula, radius and ulna
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the mortuary facilities at various health centers in District Multan
Material and Methods: The study was conducted in district Multan at various rural health centers, Tehsil Head Quarter Hospital and Nishtar Medical College Multan. The total eight mortuaries and postmortem rooms were included in this study. The questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the present facilities, deficiencies, availability of skilled trained staff, and risk to the mortuary staff. The data was prepared to evaluate the present state of mortuaries and compare with a standard mortuary
Results: It was observed that most of the centers had poor facilities. All the centers except Nishtar Medical College, Multan had no trained skilled staff. All the mortuaries had no protective measures against hazards and accidents. The facility of portable X-Ray and staff vaccination was not present
Conclusion: It was concluded that lack of skilled technical staff, proper building and other facilities is leading to postmortem artifacts resulting in negative autopsies and injustice. The staff is at high risk