ABSTRACT
Dry eye syndrome is currently seen with increasing frequency throughout the world including India. An evaluation of tear physiology in the form of tear secretion and tear film stability is the most important aspect of dry eye diagnosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the age and gender related changes in the result of these tear function tests (Schirmers Test and Tear Break up time) in normal Indian population. This crosssectional observational study included 120 normal subjects (60 Male and 60 females) with no ocular symptoms or ocular surface disorders. Schirmer and tear film break-up time tests were assessed in both eyes of each subject. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their ages (< 20y, 20-40y, 41-60y and > 60y) each group was composed of 60 eyes of 30 subjects (15 male and 15 female subjects). The One way ANOVA test and the Statagraphic software was used for statistical analysis. We detected a statistically significant decline in both the tear function tests with increasing age. Tear function tests did not show statistically significant difference according to sex. This study suggests that the age of subjects should be taken into consideration in the evaluation of tear function test results. It is also revealed that Indian population values are different from Caucasian and Chinese values. We propose age specific cut off values of tear function tests in Indian population to aid in the diagnosis of dry eye in Indian conditions.
ABSTRACT
We report a 50-year-old man with tuberculosis of the liver with calculous cholecystitis. The diagnosis was made when the patient underwent cholecystectomy. He responded to antitubercular therapy.
Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Biopsy, Needle , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Cholecystectomy/methods , Cholelithiasis/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Hepatic/diagnosisABSTRACT
Incidence of true aneurysm of popliteal artery due to trauma is extremely rare and not yet known. Medlar search failed to reveal any report. This case is presented due to its rarity and atypical clinical manifestations. An awareness of this can help in preventing unnecessary amputations.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Popliteal Artery/injuriesABSTRACT
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen. Recently, there have been reports of increasing prevalence of MRSA in the community. We here report an outbreak of post operative wound sepsis by MRSA in the surgical ward of LN hospital. A surveillance study for MRSA was undertaken in the corresponding surgical ward, operation theater and OPD and the source of this outbreak was traced to an outdoor patient with community acquired MRSA infection. A total of 320 clinical and environmental samples were screened for MRSA. Seventy (21.8%) S. aureus were obtained, of which 12.8% were resistant to methicillin. 14% of the MRSA infections were from the community. Nasal carriage rates of MRSA in the screened hospital staff and admitted patients were 5.8% and 4.3% respectively. None of the environmental sites sampled yielded MRSA. A study of antibiogram revealed that all the MRSA were uniformly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tobramycin and tetracycline and sensitive to vancomycin. All isolates belonged to the same biotype and were nontypable by the standard set of phages.