ENVIRONMENTAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL ISSUES AT DANKAUR VILLAGE GAUTAM BHUD NAGAR DISTRICT UTTAR PRADESH INDIA

The difficulties of solid waste disposal and management in Dankaur, were investigated in this study. A total of 250 respondents from the research area were given a set of questionnaires. The information gathered was evaluated in a descriptive manner. Meal wastes, polythene bags, and polystyrene food packs formed the greatest component of trash in the commercial area, according to the findings. Paper debris, plastic/rubber bottles, leaves, and metal cans were among the other types of solid waste generated in the study's other areas. According to the study, 43.81 percent of respondents store their waste in waste bins/receptacles, while 35.33 percent dump their trash on the ground. The findings revealed that the institution's solid waste receptacles were insufficient. The data also found that the polytechnic sanitation staff collected solid garbage on a regular basis. In general, 54.45 percent of respondents were pleased with the area sanitation unit's performance in handling solid waste at the university. The key issues in solid waste management have been recognized as insufficient employees, a lack of solid waste vehicles, and a lack of financing. The report advised that the polytechnic administration hire more people, purchase solid waste vehicles, and sufficiently fund the sanitation section to ensure effective solid waste management. Furthermore, the school should launch public awareness programmed about ecologically acceptable solid waste disposal methods to prevent indiscriminate solid trash dumping on grounds

Association of sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, and sleep quality with COVID-19 fear in an elderly Brazilian population

Aim: This study determined whether COVID-19 fear is correlated with sociodemographic characteristics, general health, mental health, and sleep quality in an elderly Brazilians. Methods: Elderly people aged ≥ 60 years replied to an online survey containing questions about their sociodemographic characteristics; general health; levels of stress, anxiety, and depression; sleep quality; and COVID fear. Results: Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics (α = 5%). In total, 705 elderly people with mean age of 66 ± 5 years, and most (82.7%) respondents were women, graduated and from southeastern Brazil. COVID-19 fear correlated positively and moderately with sleep quality and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (all p < 0.001). It was associated with females. Elderly people from northern and northeastern Brazil and diabetics had increased COVID-19 fear (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 exists among Brazilian female old people, diabetics, increases anxiety and stress symptoms, and worsen sleep quality in elderly people

Are quality of life, functional capacity, and urinary incontinence associated with fecal incontinence? The Fibra-BR Study / Cuidados de saúde, capacidade funcional e incontinência urinária estão associados à incontinência fecal? Estudo Fibra-BR

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of fecal incontinence and its association with clinical, functional, and cognitive-behavioral variables, medication use, frailty, falls, and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 years or older). METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicenter study carried out across 16 Brazilian cities. The question "In the last 12 months, did you experience fecal incontinence or involuntary passage of stool?" was defined as the indicator variable for fecal incontinence. Bivariate analyses were carried out to assess the prevalence of fecal incontinence and sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, cognition, functional capacity, depression, frailty, quality of life, and falls. Logistic regression analysis was also performed, with fecal incontinence as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Overall, 6855 subjects were evaluated; 66.56% were female, 52.93% white, and the mean age was 73.51 years. The prevalence of fecal incontinence was 5.93%. It was associated with worse self-care (OR 1.78 [1.08­2.96]), dependence for basic activities of daily living (OR 1.29 [1.01­1.95]), and urinary incontinence (OR 4.22 [3.28­5.41]). Furthermore, the absence of polypharmacy was identified as a protective factor (OR 0.61 [0.44­0.85]). CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of fecal incontinence was 5.93%. On logistic regression, one quality of life variable, dependence for basic activities of daily living, and polypharmacy were significantly associated with fecal incontinence

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de incontinência fecal e sua associação com variáveis clínicas, funcionais, cognitivo-comportamentais, uso de fármacos, fragilidade, quedas e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais que vivem na comunidade. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal e multicêntrico, realizado em 16 cidades brasileiras. A pergunta "Nos últimos 12 meses o(a) senhor(a) apresentou incontinência fecal ou perda de fezes de forma involuntária?'' foi a variável indicadora de incontinência fecal. Análises bivariadas avaliaram a prevalência de incontinência fecal e suas características sociodemográficas, comorbidades, cognição, funcionalidade, depressão, fragilidade, qualidade de vida e quedas. Também realizou-se análise de regressão logística tendo a incontinência fecal como variável dependente. RESULTADOS: No total, 6855 indivíduos foram avaliados; 66,56% eram do sexo feminino, 52,93% brancos e a média de idade de 73,51 anos. A prevalência de incontinência fecal foi de 5,93% e estava associada com pior cuidado com a própria saúde [OR 1,78 (1,08­2,96)], dependência para as atividades básicas de vida diária [OR 1,29 (1,01­1,95)] e incontinência urinária [OR 4,22 (3,28­5,41)]. Além disso, observou-se que a ausência de polifarmácia [OR 0,61 (0,44­0,85)] foi identificada como associação de proteção. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de incontinência fecal foi de 5,93%. Na regressão logística, uma variável de qualidade de vida, dependência para atividades básicas de vida diária e polifarmácia mostrou-se significativamente associada à incontinência fecal

Do dual-cure bulk-fill resin composites reduce gaps and improve depth of cure

Abstract This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the gaps length and depth of cure of dual-cure bulk-fill resin composites inserted in box-shaped preparations. Box-shaped preparations (4 mm deep) were made in fifteen human third-molars and divided into three groups according to the resin composites (n=5): Dual-cure bulk-fill BulkEZ (BEZ); Dual-cure bulk-fill HyperFIL (HF); and Tetric Evoceram Bulk-fill (TETRIC), as control. Gaps length (%) was evaluated in tooth-restoration interface with micro-computed tomography (µCT). The restorations were sectioned, and the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness were evaluated at five depths (0.3, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm). Microhardness data were statistically evaluated using absolute values (KHN) and relative values (microhardness percentages in relation to top). Gaps length (%) increased in the following order: BEZ=TETRIC<HF. The microhardness percentages in relation to top significantly decreased from 2 mm for TETRIC and 3 mm for HF. BEZ had constant microhardness and DC at all depths, while HF and TETRIC presented a significant decrease on DC at 4 mm. Dual-cure bulk-fill composites did not reduce gaps compared to light-cure bulk-fill, but they can improve depth of cure of bulk-filled restorations.

Resumo O objetivo neste estudo in vitro foi mensurar as fendas e a profundidade de polimerização de compósitos resinosos bulk-fill duais inseridos em preparos em forma de caixa. Os preparos em forma de caixa (4 mm de profundidade) foram realizados em quinze terceiros molares e separados em 3 grupos, de acordo com o compósito resinoso (n = 5): Bulk-fill dual BulkEZ (BEZ); Bulk-fill dual HyperFIL (HF); Tetric Evoceram Bulk-fill (TETRIC). O comprimento das fendas (%) foi avaliado na interface dente-restauração por meio de micro-tomografia computadorizada (µCT). As restaurações foram seccionadas e o grau de conversão (GC) e microdureza Knoop foram avaliados em cinco profundidades (0,3, 1, 2, 3 e 4 mm). Os dados de microdureza foram avaliados estatisticamente por meio de valores absolutos e relativos (porcentagens de microdureza em relação ao topo). O comprimento das fendas (%) aumentou na seguinte ordem: BEZ = TETRIC <HF. O percentual de microdureza em relação ao topo diminuiu significativamente a partir de 2 mm para TETRIC e 3 mm para HF. BEZ apresentou percentuais de microdureza e de GC constantes em todas as profundidades, enquanto HF e TETRIC apresentaram decréscimo significativo no GC em 4 mm. Os compósitos resinosos bulk-fill duais não reduziram as fendas formadas quando comparados a um compósito bulk-fill fotopolimerizável; entretanto, os mesmos podem melhorar a profundidade de polimerização em restaurações de incremento único.

Rubbing ethanol and time of use: critical factors compromising latex gloves structure / Desinfecção com etanol e tempo de uso: fatores críticos que comprometem a estrutura das luvas de látex

Abstract Introduction Personal protective equipment is mandatory to protect patients and professionals from diseases, especially in the dental environment. The risk of gloves micro-perforations is imminent when using sharp instruments or cleaning them up during lengthy clinical procedures. Objective This study evaluated the integrity of sterile and non-sterile gloves before clinical use and clarified whether friction with disinfectant solution modifies surface morphology and integrity. Material and method Samples of gloves from four different brands were divided into two groups: (1) Sterile surgical gloves (n=260) and (2) Non-sterile gloves (n=260). They were scissored and placed in Ostby's arch so that three solutions - distilled water, ethanol 70°, ethanol 96° - were rubbed with a cotton swab. After 30s, 5, 10, and 15 minutes of solution rubbing, samples were verified by a Scanning Electron Microscope. The pore sizes were measured by Image J software. Result Regardless of the brands, all gloves have been significantly affected by solutions and assessment periods. In general, remarkable changes were evident with ethanol 70° and 96°, and higher pore diameters were observed compared to distilled water. Conclusion Rubbing disinfectant solutions increases gloves' pores sizes, and time negatively influenced its quality.

Resumo Introdução Para proteger pacientes e profissionais de doenças, o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual é obrigatório, principalmente no ambiente odontológico. O risco de microperfurações das luvas é iminente ao usar instrumentos cortantes ou na tentativa de limpar as luvas durante longos procedimentos clínicos. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a integridade das luvas cirúrgicas e de procedimento antes do uso clínico e esclareceu se o atrito com a solução desinfetante modifica a morfologia e integridade da superfície. Material e método Amostras de luvas de quatro marcas diferentes foram divididas em dois grupos: (1) Luvas cirúrgicas (n = 260) e (2) Luvas descartáveis não estéreis (n = 260). As luvas foram cortadas e colocadas em arco de Ostby, de modo que três soluções - água destilada, etanol 70 °, etanol 96 ° foram esfregadas com um cotonete. Após 30s, 5, 10 e 15 minutos de fricção das soluções, as amostras foram verificadas utilizando um microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Os tamanhos dos poros foram medidos pelo software Image J. Resultado Independentemente das marcas, todas as luvas foram significativamente afetadas por soluções e períodos de avaliação. Em geral, maiores alterações foram evidenciadas com o uso do etanol 70° e 96°, e maiores diâmetros dos poros foram observados quando comparados à água destilada. Conclusão Esfregar soluções desinfetantes aumenta o tamanho dos poros das luvas e o tempo influenciou negativamente sua qualidade.

Role of uterine artery doppler at 18-22 weeks in the prediction of pre-eclampsia: a prospective study

Background: Pre-eclampsia is the most common pregnancy complication associated with serious maternal and fetal morbidity. Uterine artery Doppler reflects the impaired trophoblastic invasion of the uterine spiral arteries, which is involved in the aetiology of preeclampsia. Thus, uterine artery Doppler was proposed as a screening test for pre-eclampsia.Methods: A prospective cohort study of 100 singleton pregnancies was conducted in a tertiary centre and the study population were subjected to uterine artery Doppler study at 18-22 weeks gestation. Uterine artery Doppler indices of pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and persistence of diastolic notch was obtained and the outcome of pre-eclampsia was studied.Results: Out of 100 women, 14 women developed pre-eclampsia in which the resistance index showed a sensitivity of 21.4%, specificity of 91.8%, positive predictive value of 30% and negative predictive value of 87.7% and pulsatility index showed sensitivity of 35.7%, specificity of 90.6%, positive predictive value of 38.4% and negative predictive value of 89.6%. Diastolic notch had a sensitivity of 35.7%, specificity of 98.8%, positive predictive value of 83.3% and a negative predictive value of 90.4%.Conclusions: The high negative predictive values, indicated that women with normal Doppler velocimetry were unlikely to develop preeclampsia. Uterine artery Doppler, being non-invasive can be included during routine sonography to identify patients at risk of developing pre-eclampsia. Early, screening for pre-eclampsia will help in individualized antenatal surveillance and initiation of prophylactic therapy, early to reduce the adverse maternal and foetal complications of preeclampsia.

A Study of Association between Nutritional Status and Anemia in Older People

Introduction: Anemia and malnutrition are highly prevalentin older people and they frequently accompany each otherand are associated with increased morbidity and poor healthoutcome in older patients. The present study was undertakento determine the prevalence of malnutrition in anemic oldersubjects and to find out if there is any association betweennutritional status and severity and types of anemia in olderpeople.Material and methods: This cross-sectional observationalstudy was conducted in the Department of Geriatric medicine,Madras Medical College, Chennai. 93 anemic older subjectsaged 65 and above were selected to participate. Mini nutritionalassessment was done in these study subjects to assess theirnutritional status. To analyse the data IBM SPSS Statistics forWindows was used.Results: Of the 93 anemic older subjects, 55 were males and38 were females. The prevalence of malnutrition in the anemicolder subjects was 31.2%. 8.6% of the study participantshad normal nutritional status and 60.2% were at risk ofmalnutrition. . In this study 37.9% of the malnourished hadanemia of chronic inflammation and 31% of the malnourishedhad iron deficiency anemia. In this study we found noassociation between severity of anemia and nutritional status.In this study we did not find any association between anemia ofchronic inflammation, anemia of chronic renal insufficiency,iron deficiency anemia and nutritional status. In this study itwas found that there is an association between unexplainedanemia and nutritional status.Conclusion: This study found that prevalence of malnutritionamong the anemic older patients was 31.2%. This clearlyindicates that screening for malnutrition is essential for olderanemic subjects.

Does Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) improve in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcomes in poor responders?

@#Background: In reproductive medicine poor ovarian response (POR) among women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) is of great concern. Meta-analysis showed that Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration resulted in a significant increase in the number of oocytes retrieved in women with POR. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of DHEA supplementation on IVF outcomes among poor responders undergoing IVF. Methods: Sixteen patients who were diagnosed with POR scheduled to undergo their second cycle of Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)/embryo transfer cycle were enrolled. All enrolled patients had earlier undergone their first ICSI/embryo transfer cycle at least four months prior to this study. All subjects were given DHEA supplementation of 25mg three times daily for at least three months prior to their second ICSI/embryo transfer cycle. Statistical analysis of various ovarian response and ICSI outcomes parameter were compared pre and post DHEA. Results: Sixteen women with the mean age of 35 years were enrolled in the study. The comparative analysis of results showed a significant increase in the number of good quality of embryos obtained (p<0.05). After the treatment with DHEA, there was an improvement in the number of oocytes retrieved, Metaphase II (MII) oocyte (mature) oocytes obtained, fertilised and transferrable embryos and the pregnancy rate. There was no significant effect of DHEA treatment on the number of days of stimulation and cumulative dose of gonadotrophins used. Conclusion: Our results is able to show that DHEA supplementation may help to enhance IVF-ICSI outcomes in women with POR especially in those age 35 years and below.

The influence of splenic tissue on the survival and TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocyte rates in rats subjected to fecal peritonitis induction

Abstract Purpose: Comparing survival rates of rats subjected to spleen procedures after fecal peritonitis induction. Assessing changes in TCD4 and CD8 lymphocyte rates before and after the procedures. Correlating animal survival with CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups of ten: spleen manipulation (SM); total splenectomy (TS); subtotal splenectomy with preservation of the inferior pole (IP). Rats were subjected to surgical procedure depending on the group. Seven days after surgery they underwent induction of peritonitis and survival time was recorded. All animals were subjected to two blood collections: before surgery and 70 days after it for TCD4/TCD8 lymphocyte counting. Results: Mean survival time was longer in the IP and SM groups and shorter in the TS group; there was significant difference between them. The comparison of the median number of CD4 did not present changes, whereas the comparison of the median number of CD8 decreased in the SM and IP groups. The correlation between the median number of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes and the animals' survival was not significant. Conclusion: The maintenance of splenic tissue contributed to increase the survival of rats and there was a change in the number of TCD8 lymphocytes.

Removable prostheses improve oral health-related quality of life and satisfaction of elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects joint tissues and causes severe physical and functional impairments on quality of life due to muscular and articular pain. The involvement of temporomandibular joint in RA interferes with mouth opening and masticatory process. However, no studies addressed the impact of RA on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and satisfaction with prostheses use in elderly people. Aim: This study assessed the impact of oral rehabilitation with conventional dentures on the OHRQoL and prostheses satisfaction in elderly patients with RA, associated or not with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Methods: Forty-five elderly were enrolled and divided into three groups: (1) RA and TMD (n=15, experimental), (2) RA without TMD (n=15, experimental), and (3) without RA and without TMD (n=15, control). The OHRQoL and the prostheses satisfaction were evaluated before and after new oral rehabilitation with partial and/or complete dentures. The OHRQoL and prosthesis satisfaction were assessed and verified through OHIP-14 questionnaire and visual analogue scale, respectively. Results: TMD group exhibited the worst mean values (P<0.05) for all OHIP-14 domains before insertion of new dentures. Group 2 showed worst means (P<0.05) compared to controls for functional limitation and physical pain domains of the OHIP-14, but not in the general score. Patients showed better outcomes of satisfaction with prostheses use only after the new rehabilitation. Conclusion: The use of new and well-fitted dentures improves all domains of OHRQoL in patients with RA and TMD and all groups were satisfied with prostheses use after the new rehabilitation with conventional dentures

Incidence, persistence and risk factors of fear of falling in older adults: cohort study (2008-2013) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence and persistence of fear of falling in older adults and the clinical/functional, psychosocial and lifestyle-related risk factors. METHODS A longitudinal study with 393 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over (110 men/ 283 women) resident in the North Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The fear of falling was assessed by the Falls Efficacy Scale-I-BR. The explanatory variables assessed were: number of comorbidities and medicines, history of falls, fracture from falling, use of walking aids, functional dependence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, hearing and visual impairment, hand grip strength, walking speed, self-rated health, body mass index, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, living alone and activity level. Incidence, persistence and risk factors were estimated. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson Regression, obtaining relative risks (RR) and corresponding to 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Among the 393 participants, fear of falling occurred in 33.5% and was persistent in 71.3%. Incidence was found to associate with using seven or more medicines and reporting worse activity level than the prior year. Risk factors for persistent fear were: using seven or more medicines, a history of one or two falls, reduced walking speed, hearing impairment, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms and poor or very poor self-rated health. CONCLUSION Fear of falling is a frequent and persistent condition. Many factors related to persistent fear showed no association with the incidence of fear, emphasizing the need for focused strategies to reduce risk factors that may be associated with the chronification of fear of falling.

Effect Of Nauclea Orientalis (bakmi) In The Form Of Parisheka Sweda And Yoga Vasti In The Treatment Of Grudhrasi (sciatica)

Authentic texts describe Grudhrasi under Vata Roga. One of its main clinical features is a pain that radiates from Sphik Pradesha (buttocks) to Pada (foot). It can be corelated with sciatica. Piyusharnava, describes that Parisheka Sweda using Nauclea orientalis (Bakmi) as a treatment for Katigaha (Lumbago). Vasti Karma using N. orientalis (Bakmi) is in practice and Vasti is the best treatment for Vata Roga. Seventy-five patients suffering from Grudhrasi (sciatica) were treated with Parisheka Sweda, Vasti and combined therapy. Parisheka Sweda was carried out for a period of seven days. Vasti was performed as Yoga Vasti. Both therapies were carried out in combined therapy group; namely, Parisheka Sweda followed by Yoga Vasti. All three groups showed statistically significant reduction in all the symptoms but there was no statistical difference between groups. Parisheka Sweda and Yoga Vasti using Nauclea orientalis (Bakmi) can be recommended as an effective treatment for Grudhrasi (sciatica).

Prevalence of falls and associated factors among older adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the FIBRA-RJ study / Prevalência de quedas e fatores associados em idosos do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Estudo FIBRA-RJ

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of falls and associated factors were determined in a large cohort of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: The sample included adults at least 65 years old who resided in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 742 individuals were investigated by inverse random sampling and were stratified by gender and age. The prevalence of falls was calculated by the history of falls in the last year. Data on clinical, psychosocial, sociodemographic and functional characteristics were also gathered. After bivariate analysis, statistically relevant variables were included in groups in 4 models for multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of falls was 29%. The mean age was 76.7; 70.2% were female; 43.4% were married; 80.3% had ≥ 5 years of education; 48.3% had an income, of which ≥ 5.1 were minimum wage. All of the variables were associated with falls, except fair self-rated health. In contrast, when all these variables were adjusted (model 2), almost all lost the statistical significance, except for functional dependency-IADL (OR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.02­2.21) and poor/very poor self-rated health (OR = 2.36; 95%CI 1.06­5.25). For psychosocial variables in model 1, only fear of falling and activity level were significantly associated with falls. However, when these variables were adjusted (model 3), only fear of falling remained significant. In the final model, functional dependency (OR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.01­2.17), poor/very poor self-rated health (OR = 2.33; 95%CI 1.05­5.21) and fear of falling (OR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.47­3.12) were associated with falls. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of falls is high among community-dwelling older adults. Associations with socio-demographic and biological factors have been identified and confirmed in the literature. Social activities were considered a protective factor.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de quedas e fatores associados em uma ampla coorte de idosos na comunidade. MÉTODO: Indivíduos com 65 anos de idade ou mais, residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Um total de 742 indivíduos foram investigados e estratificados por sexo e idade em uma amostra aleatória inversa. A prevalência de quedas foi calculada pelo histórico de quedas no último ano. Também foram coletadas outras variáveis como: características clínicas, psicossociais, sociodemográficas e funcionais. Após análise bivariada, aqueles estatisticamente relevantes foram incluídos nos grupos em 4 modelos para análises multivariadas. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de quedas foi de 29%. A idade média foi de 76,7; 70,2% do sexo feminino; 43,4% eram casados; 80,3% tinham ≥ 5 anos de estudo; 48,3% tinham renda ≥ 5,1 salários mínimos. Todas as variáveis foram associadas a quedas, com exceção da categoria de autoavaliação de saúde. Por outro lado, quando todas essas variáveis foram ajustadas (modelo 2), quase todas perderam a significância estatística, exceto a AIVD (OR = 1,51; IC95% 1,02­2,21) e a avaliação de saúde ruim/muito ruim (OR = 2,36; IC95% 1,06­5,25). Para as variáveis psicossociais, no modelo 1, apenas o medo de cair e o nível de atividade foram associados significativamente. Porém, quando essas variáveis foram ajustadas (modelo 3), o medo de cair persistiu de forma significativa. No modelo final, a dependência em AIVD (OR = 1,48; IC95% 1,01­2,17), a autoavaliação de saúde ruim/muito ruim (OR = 2,33; IC95% 1,05­5,21) e o medo de cair (OR = 2,14; IC95% 1,47­3,12) foram associados a quedas. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de queda é alta nos idosos que vivem em comunidade. A associação com fatores sociodemográficos e biológicos foi identificada e confirmada pela literatura. As atividades sociais foram consideradas um fator de proteção.

Ayurvedic Management Of Hanustambha: A Case Study

Life without movement is impossible to think of in a healthy person’s normal life. Hanugraha or Hanustambha is one of the commonest problem affects irrespective of sex, age and socioeconomic status etc. The disease has the symptoms like stiffness of jaw with or absence of pain. The symptoms are seen suddenly with chronic Nidana Sevana. Jaw dislocation occurs when the lower part of the jaw moves out of its normal position. Temporomandibular joint disorder can cause pain, abnormal joint movements and joint noises. The life time incidence of Temporomandibular joint disorder is more than 10 million cases per year in India. In Hanugraha, Vata is predominantly involved. Here an attempt is made on Hanustambha with Ayurvedic management.

Prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with other microvascular complications in South Indian population

Background: In individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the presence of Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) increases the risk of severe hypoglycaemia, cardiac arrhythmias, silent myocardial ischemia and stroke. It is also associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality, even with minor surgeries in these patients. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of CAN in T2DM patients and to investigate any possible association between CAN and micro vascular complications.Methods: 102 T2DM patients between the age of 30 years and 70 years, who attended outpatient department of Institute of Diabetology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital and Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu were included. All the selected patients underwent laboratory investigations, biothesiometry, fundus examination, and CAN assessment by CANS analyser.Results: A slight female preponderance was noted in the study, though it was statistically insignificant. Out of 102 patients, prevalence of CAN dysfunction was found in 82 (80.39%) of T2DM patients. No significant association of CAN was noted with duration of diabetes (p=0.772), HbA1c (p=0.827) and nephropathy (p=0.524). However, peripheral neuropathy (p=0.006) and retinopathy (p=0.03) were found to be significantly associated with CAN in T2DM patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of CAN in asymptomatic South Indian T2DM population was found to be 80.39%, with equal sex distribution and was most common in the 51- 60 years age group. Diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy were the most significant microvascular complications predictive of the incidence of CAN in T2DM patients.

Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) and Life Style Improvement among Opiate Dependent Patients Registered / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#In Malaysia, drug addiction has been a big threat since 1983.As of by latest statistic by National Anti-Drug Agency in 2016, the number of drug abusers in Malaysia was 30846.Acknowledging the importance of drug abuse and relapse as a public health issue, Malaysian government had implemented Harm Reduction Programme .Under this programme, Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) was launched in Oct 2005. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of MMT programme among opiate dependent individuals in their daily life. In this study, 100 individuals from the Ministry of Health (MoH), Klinik Kesihatan Bayan Lepas (Bayan Lepas Health Clinic) and Agensi Anti-Dadah Kebangsaan (National Anti-Drug Agency) in Telok Bahang were involved. The subjects were interviewed with WHOQOL BREF questionnaires before joining the MMT programme and also after minimum 4 months of joining MMT. Results obtained were used for comparing life style implications among methadone patients before and after joining the MMT programme. Subjects were predominantly of Malay ethnicity (82%). Subjects were mostly aged between 51 to 60 years old (34%). Paired t-test was done on the WHOQOL scores at baseline (before MMT) and after minimum of 4 months enrolment for all four domains. Each domain showed significant improvement in QOL (P<0.05).The highest improvement was shown in the psychology domain with the mean value increment of 15.13±17.49. Physical domain showed the least improvement with the mean value of 9.39±16.21.This study has proven that MMT have highly contributed to improvement of quality of life among MMT clients in Klinik Kesihatan Bayan Lepas and AADK Telok Bahang.

Diastolic dysfunction grading, echocardiographic and electrocardiogram findings in 50 patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

@#Introduction: Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (Apical HCM) is an uncommon variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but it is relatively more common in Asian countries. This is a retrospective, non-randomised, single centre study of patients with Apical HCM focusing on their diastolic dysfunction grading, echocardiographic parameters and electrocardiograms (ECG). Methods: All Apical HCM patients coming for clinic visits at the Institut Jantung Negara from September 2017 to September 2018 were included. We assessed their echocardiography images, grade their diastolic function and reviewed their ECG on presentation. Results: Fifty patient were included, 82% (n=41) were males and 18% (n=9) females. The diastolic function grading of 37 (74%) patients were able to be determined using the updated 2016 American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) diastolic guidelines. Fifty percent (n=25) had the typical ace-ofspades shape left ventricle (LV) appearance in diastole and 12% (n=6) had apical pouch. All patients had T inversion in the anterior leads of their ECG, and only 52% (n=26) fulfilled the ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) criteria. Majority of our patients presented with symptoms of chest pain (52%, n=26) and dyspnoea (42%, n=21). Conclusion: The updated 2016 ASE guideline makes it easier to evaluate LV diastolic function in most patients with Apical HCM. It also helps in elucidating the aetiology of dyspnoea, based on left atrial pressure. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for Apical HCM when faced with deep T inversion on ECG, in addition to a thick LV apex with an aceof-spades appearance during diastole.

Mandibular single-implant overdenture as an alternative for full arch rehabilitations: a literature review

Oral rehabilitation with mandibular single-implant overdentures (SIO) has been characterized as a solution to improve retention and stability of conventional complete dentures (CD). Among the benefits of this therapy, it can be mentioned minimally invasive surgery, simple prosthetic technique, better retention, and significantly reduced costs. However, the application of this protocol in daily clinic is still not widespread. Aim: Thus, this study aimed to perform a literature review to address the clinical characteristics of this rehabilitation, when compared to two-implant mandibular overdentures and CD. Methods: For this, a search was conducted in the PubMed database, considering articles published in English language, without date limitation. Results: It was found 243 manuscripts, of which 20 were compatible with the aim of this study after title/abstract reading. The selected papers focused on masticatory muscles function, satisfaction levels and self-reported quality of life, as well as surgical and prosthetic outcomes, such as maintenance, repair and implant failure rates. All evaluated manuscripts showed similar masticatory function and patient's satisfaction with SIO and two-implant overdenture, while results for a SIO were greater when compared to rehabilitations with CD. In addition, SIO have proven to do not damage the implant, being implant loss close to zero. However, the prosthesis fracture adjacent to the implant was a recurrent clinical outcome, which requires further studies to solve this impairment. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that SIO represents an alternative treatment for frail elders or low-income patients, leading to higher masticatory function, as well as improved quality of life

A Rare Case Of Indirect Inguinal Hernia With Ovary As Content At A Hospital Of Visakhapatnam

A hernia is the protrusion of the small intestines or omentum or other organs through a defect in the abdominal wall. Inguinal hernia in females is very rare and occurs in <5% of women. Here, we report the case of a 25-year-old female who presented with swelling in the left groin associated with dragging pain in the left iliac fossa. She was investigated and diagnosed as a left indirect inguinal hernia. Hernioplasty was planned and intraoperatively ovary along with fimbria was identified as content. An inguinal ovary may occur if the gubernaculum fails to attach to the uterus in fetal life or if the canal of Nuck remains open after birth

Promising Ayurvedic Herbs In The Management Of Kitibha (psoriasis)- A Review

Psoriasis is one of the commonest skin disorders seen in routine clinical scenario, in entire world around 80 million people suffering from psoriasis. Psoriasis is differentiated by patches of abnormal skin. These skin patches are typically red, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete body coverage. It typically presents as red patches with white scales on top. Areas of the body most commonly affected are the back of the forearms, chin, navel area, and scalp. Diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms. Men and women are affected with equal frequency. The disease may begin at any age, but typically starts in adulthood. Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis, lymphomas, cardiovascular disease and depression. Psoriatic arthritis affects up to 30 percent of individuals with Psoriasis. It is noted that around 2% of population are touching with Psoriasis. In present study review on Herbs frequently used in treating psoriasis were compiled. The Herbs Nimba, Stri Kutaja, Guduchi, Daruharidra, Bhallataka Haritaki, Aragvadha, Amalaki, Karveera, Saptaparna, Khadira, Vasa, Guggulu, Chitraka & Katuki are reviewed to be having Vata or Kapha balancing properties. The pharmacological studies showing that Nimbidin of Neem having anti psoriatic property, The Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Stri Kutaja and Guduchi are having anti oxidant and anti psychotic properties which are helpful in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis.