ABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: a transmissão vertical constitui a principal via de infecção infantil pelo vírus HIV-1 (vírus da imunodeficiência humana). A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar a evolução clínica e laboratorial de crianças vivendo com HIV/AIDS decorrente da transmissão vertical. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado a partir da coleta de dados em prontuário médico de todas as crianças atendidas em um Serviço de Assistência Especializada, no período de janeiro de 1998 a junho de 2006. RESULTADOS: foram avaliadas 80 crianças que preencheram critérios de inclusão. Observou-se que em 56 (70 por cento) crianças, o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV na mãe deu-se após o parto e que em 44 (55 por cento) o parto foi via vaginal. Amamentação ao seio materno foi documentada em 56 (70 por cento) crianças e esta variou de um mês até mais de 12 meses. A não utilização ou uso incompleto do Protocolo ACTG 076 foi documentado em 63 (78,5 por cento) casos. CONCLUSÕES: os dados observados em nosso estudo são bastante preocupantes e revelam falha na assistência materno-infantil, especialmente voltada para prevenção da transmissão.
INTRODUCTION: Vertical transmission constitutes the main route for child infection by the HIV-1 virus (human immune deficiency virus). This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory evolution of children with vertically transmitted HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study based on data gathered from the medical records of all the children who were seen at a specialized care unit between January 1998 and June 2006. RESULTS: Eighty children who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. In the cases 56 (70 percent) of the children, their mothers were diagnosed as HIV-positive after childbirth. The delivery was vaginal for 44 (55 percent) of the children. Fifty-six children (70 percent) were breastfed by their mothers for periods ranging from one to more than 12 months. Failure to use or incomplete use of the ACTG 076 protocol was documented in 63 (78.5 percent) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from our study are a cause for considerable concern and show failures of medical care for mothers and children, particularly with regard to prevention of transmission.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
We transplanted 47 patients with Fanconi anemia using an alternative source of hematopoietic cells. The patients were assigned to the following groups: group 1, unrelated bone marrow (N = 15); group 2, unrelated cord blood (N = 17), and group 3, related non-sibling bone marrow (N = 15). Twenty-four patients (51 percent) had complete engraftment, which was not influenced by gender (P = 0.87), age (P = 0.45), dose of cyclophosphamide (P = 0.80), nucleated cell dose infused (P = 0.60), or use of anti-T serotherapy (P = 0.20). Favorable factors for superior engraftment were full HLA compatibility (independent of the source of cells; P = 0.007) and use of a fludarabine-based conditioning regimen (P = 0.046). Unfavorable factors were > or = 25 transfusions pre-transplant (P = 0.011) and degree of HLA disparity (P = 0.007). Intensity of mucositis (P = 0.50) and use of androgen prior to transplant had no influence on survival (P = 0.80). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade II-IV and chronic GVHD were diagnosed in 47 and 23 percent of available patients, respectively, and infections prevailed as the main cause of death, associated or not with GVHD. Eighteen patients are alive, the Kaplan-Meyer overall survival is 38 percent at ~8 years, and the best results were obtained with related non-sibling bone marrow patients. Three recommendations emerged from the present study: fludarabine as part of conditioning, transplant in patients with <25 transfusions and avoidance of HLA disparity. In addition, an extended family search (even when consanguinity is not present) seeking for a related non-sibling donor is highly recommended.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Fanconi Anemia/therapy , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Graft vs Host Disease/diagnosis , Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control , Histocompatibility Testing , HLA Antigens/analysis , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Transplantation, Homologous/immunology , Transplantation, Homologous/methodsABSTRACT
Em esquema de duplo anonimato (doubleblind), 13 voluntarios sadios ingeriram 975mg de apirina, apresentada sob 3 tipos diferentes de comprimidos: aspirina sintetizada no Brasil por laboratorio nacional sem antiacidos(aspirina NQ-comprimidos A); aspirina NQ tamponada com glicinato de aluminio e carbonato de magnesio (comprimidos B); e aspirina comercial importada, sem antiacidos (comprimidos C). Dosagens plasmaticas mostraram que o nivel de salicilato ao fim de 2 horas era identico para os 3 tipos de comprimidos e que este nivel era atingido mais rapidamente com os comprimidos tamponados (B)