ABSTRACT
Introduction: In the sacrococcygeal region anatomical variations are related with change in the number of sacral vertebra by union of first coccyx with sacrum. This study is carried to know the prevalence of sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra in Gujarat Method: The present study of sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra was carried out on 189 dry human sacra of gujarati population,115 male and 74 female. Result: Sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra was seen in 45(23.8 %)cases Conclusion:This study considers several issues pertaining to fusion of the coccyx to the sacrum,including prevalence,sexual differences,effect on pelvic size and obstetrical and evolutionary implications. Clinally,the sacralisation of coccygeal vertebra is of paramount importance to surgeons especially pediatric surgeons and obstetricians.as it is a less known variant.
ABSTRACT
Background: Nutient foramen is an opening into the bone shaft which gives passage to the blood vessels of the medullary cavity of a bone. The knowledge of nutrient foramen is important in surgical procedures like bone grafting and more recently in microsurgical vascularised bone transplantation. Aim: to determine the number, direction, position of nutrient foramen and whether the nutrient foramina obey the general rule that is, directed away from the growing end of the bone. Materials and methods: The present study has been undertaken to review 1000 long bones including clavicle and miniature long bones. Results 6.8% of bones showed no foramen while 10% of bones had double foramen. Conclusion: Majority of the bones followed the growing end theory. Clavicle showed more variation as to the surface on which nutrient foramen was present. None of the earlier workers have done compiled study of all types of long bones in a single study.
ABSTRACT
Non-union of the humeral shaft remains a difficult clinical problem and it may appear after any method of treatment; closed or open reduction. For this reason the precise location of nutrient foramen of humerus and relevant anatomy should be known. The anatomy of the nutrient foramina of humeral diaphysis has been studied in 200 human humeri. Measurements were taken with the help of osteometric board and observations were noted. In present study 77% foramina were found medially; on ulnar border & anteromedial surface (zone A & B). The mean position of nutrient foramen lies distal to the mid-point of humerus (mean 1.5 cm distal, vertical zone III). Of 200 humeri, 63% had a single nutrient foramen which implies that the major blood supply to humeral shaft will enter at one particular point. Knowledge of the anatomy of nutrient foramina is significantly important for orthopaedic surgeons doing open reduction of fracture mid shaft humerus, in order to avoid injuring nutrient artery & thereby lessens the chances of delayed or non-union of fracture shaft humerus.