ABSTRACT
Retrospective study of 49 cases of esophagogastric varices, including 5 isolated gastric varices and prospective study of 72 cases of oesophagogastric varices including 5 isolated gastric varices. Analysis of the result shows an incidence of 6.64% with higher incidence among cases of oesophageal varices, grade III and IV 25/34 and 52/67 with a range of 73.5% to 77.61%. Although endoscopic diagnosis can be sufficient to manage the case, yet splenoportography is a valid procedure and be of value in suspected splenic vein thrombosis or undetected site of bleeding. A plan of treatment and choice between sclerotherapy and surgery is put with a demand for the necessity of control trial. Both sclerotherapy and devascularization procedure are recommended for treatment while Warren procedure is not favourable
ABSTRACT
Seasonal variations in thymic activity in both sexes of the fish Oryzias latipes were studied. Adult fish were kept in large tank and exposed to different seasons for a total period of one year. The thymus volume and its histological alterations were followed up monthly. Results showed marked variations in the size of the thymus during different seasons. The thymus reached its minimal volume in winter, and in late spring thymus was recovered and showed maximum size. In H and E stained preparations, the winter thymus lost its typical morphological characteristics as indicated by decreased number of thymocytes and appearance of numerous cysts. These degenerative changes were recovered in spring. Similar alterations were observed again in summer followed by recovery in autumn but to a lesser extent. These changes were identical in both sexes. This information provides better underst and ing of thymus response to environmental changes
Subject(s)
Thymus Gland , SeasonsABSTRACT
The radio-protective role of the female sex hormone, estrone, was studied against gamma irradiation in the teleost Oryzias latipes. Fish were exposed to gamma irradiation before or after estrone treatment and the survival rate was recorded daily for one month. The results demonstrated that fish exposed to a single dose of gamma irradiation [4 kR] showed 61% mortality, which decreased to 43% when the estrone was given post-irradiation and to 19% when the estrone was applied prior to irradiation. Fish exposed to two equal fractions [2 kR with three-day interval] of gamma irradiation, demonstrated a considerable increase in the survival rate [90%]. Again, radio- protection was demonstrated when estrone was applied either before of after the first fraction. The results indicated the beneficial role of estrone against gamma irradiation related to mortality in fish. However, this radio-protection is influenced by several factors, such as the dose of radiation and time of hormone application