ABSTRACT
Background: chronic periodontitis is probably one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Microorganisms within the gingival crevice and the periodontal pocket play a significant role in its initiation and progression. The traditional diagnosis of chronic periodontitis requires massive tissue destruction. Therefore, knowledge of disease progression prior to influential destruction will allow for treatment to achieve the best results. MMP-8 is a good biomarker that can be used for this purpose and also is its activator MMP-3
Aim of the work: assessment of MMP-8 and MMP-3 as biomarkers and indicators in the diagnosis of chronic adult periodontitis
Methods: immunologic screening of MMP-8 levels in GCF by ELISA. MMP-3 was immunohistochemically localized and its cellular origin in inflamed human gingival tissue was detected the study included thirty-two patients divided into two groups: A study group: included twenty four patients with chronic periodontitis and was subdivided into three subgroups: Subgroup [A]: Included eight patients treated only by scaling and root planning [SRP]. Subgroup [B]: Included eight patients treated with oral Doxycycline 20 mg twice a day in addition to [SRP]. Subgroup [C]: included eight patients surgically treated to remove the periodontal pockets in addition to [SRP]. A group including eight clinically normal individuals was used as a control group
Results: the results showed a statistically significant change in the level of MMP-8 in subgroups A, B, C after treatment compared to day 0 [p<0.000l] and to the control group. On clinical examination there was also a statistically significant improvement in patients of both subgroups [B] and [C] compared to group [A] after three months of treatment. The results of examining gum tissue samples from subgroup [C] patients showed the presence of positive MMP-3 immunoreaction in all cases in the basal and suprabasal layers as well as in lymphocytes and macrophages. Weak positive MMP-3 immunoreaction was detected in three out of the eight control samples [37.5%]
Conclusion: it was concluded that MMP- 8 levels in GCF in periodontitis patients decreased with different treatment modalities and this was associated with improvement in the clinical periodontal parameters. GCF MMP-8 concentrations differentiate periodontally healthy subjects from diseased ones. In addition to this comes MMP-3 that activates pro MMP-8. MMP-3 expression in chronic periodontitis was found to originate from residual gingival fibroblasts epithelial cells and macrophages. Improvement in biochemical and clinical outcomes was move pronounced in patients receiving a subantimicrobial dose of Doxycycline 20 mg twice a day
Abbreviations: MMPs, matrix mefalloproteinases; GCF, gingival crevicular fluid; PI, plaque index; GI, gingival index; PD, probe or periodontal pocket depths; AL, periodontal attachment level; SRP, scaling and root planning
ABSTRACT
Granular cell tumor and congenital epulis of the newborn are two lesions rarely round in the oral cavity whose histogenetic origin is highly controversial despite their uniform morphologic appearance. This study was performed in attempt to determine their histogenesis using immunohistochem-ical techniques with different antibodies for several markers such as neurone-specific enolase [NSE], S100, Vimentin and CD68. All of the granular cell tumor cases were positive for all studied markers. On the other hand, congenital epulis cases were only positive for Vimentin and CD6H. These results suggested a neural and/or neuroectodermal origin for granular cell tumor cases hut not for congenital epulis cases. The positivity for CD68 in all studied cases suggested a phagocytic origin of the granular cells in the two lesions investigated in this study as proven ultrastructurally by the p jsence of numerous phagolysosomes and autophagic vacuoles
ABSTRACT
The actions of nitric oxide [NO] in the pathology of solid tumors are complicated and many arc poorly understood because NO has both inhibitory and tumor promoting activities. The aims of the present study were to find out immunohistochemically whether the expression of both the inducible [iNOS] and endothelial [eNOS] forms of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase [NOS] were changed in pleomorphic adenoma compared with normal salivary tissue and to determine whether or not the distribution of iNOS expression correlated with smooth muscle actin [SMA] expression. The results revealed that there was a highly significant difference in staining for iNOS between the tumor and normal salivary tissue, with tumor epithelial cells being stained in all studied cases [P < 0.0001]. The reaction for eNOS isoenzyme showed moderate staining of the tumor epithelium in only three cases. Salivary duct cells and the endothelium of blood vessels of normal salivary tissue showed moderate reactivity for eNOS. The distribution of SMA expression was in a similar manner to iNOS expression in normal salivary ducts and tumor epithelium. The correlation between iNOS and SMA in pleomorphic adenoma was significant [P < 0.001]. The results of the present study suggested that iNOS plays an important role in pathogenesis of pleomorphic adenoma and the presence of iNOS in normal salivary ducts and pleomorphic adenoma is most likely due to expression by myoepithelial cells