Comparative Study on Bone Marrow-Versus Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Regeneration and Re-Innervation of Skeletal Muscle Injury in Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND@#Skeletal muscle injuries are frequent clinical challenges due to associated fibrosis and disability.Regenerative medicine is an emerging promising strategy for such cases. The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus adipose tissue stromal cells (ADSCs) on regeneration and re-innervation of skeletal muscle laceration injury in Wistar rats at different time intervals. @*METHODS@#Six young male rats were used as a source of allogenic MSCs. Eighty-four adult female rats were divided into: Group I (control), Group II (Untreated Laceration): right gluteal muscle was lacerated and left for spontaneous healing, Group III (BM-MSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 BM-MSCs in the lacerated muscle, Group IV (ADSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 ADSCs in lacerated muscle. Rats were sacrificed after one, two and eight weeks.Muscles were processed to prepare sections stained with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and immune-histochemical staining (neurofilament light chain). @*RESULTS@#A significant increase in collagen fibers and failure of re-innervation were noticed in untreated laceration group. BM-MSCs-treated groups showed regeneration of muscle fibers but with increased collagen fibers. Meanwhile, ADSCs showed better regenerative effects evidenced by significant increase in the number of myotubes and significant decrease in collagen deposition. Re-innervation was noticed in MSCs-injected muscles after 8 weeks of laceration. @*CONCLUSION@#Both BM-MSCs and ADSCs improved regeneration of skeletal muscle laceration injury at short- and long-term durations. However, fibrosis was less in ADSCs-treated rats. Effective re-innervation of injured muscles occurred only at the long-term duration.

Comparative Study on Bone Marrow-Versus Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Regeneration and Re-Innervation of Skeletal Muscle Injury in Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND@#Skeletal muscle injuries are frequent clinical challenges due to associated fibrosis and disability.Regenerative medicine is an emerging promising strategy for such cases. The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) versus adipose tissue stromal cells (ADSCs) on regeneration and re-innervation of skeletal muscle laceration injury in Wistar rats at different time intervals. @*METHODS@#Six young male rats were used as a source of allogenic MSCs. Eighty-four adult female rats were divided into: Group I (control), Group II (Untreated Laceration): right gluteal muscle was lacerated and left for spontaneous healing, Group III (BM-MSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 BM-MSCs in the lacerated muscle, Group IV (ADSCs): right gluteal muscle was lacerated with concomitant local intramuscular injection of 1 x 106 ADSCs in lacerated muscle. Rats were sacrificed after one, two and eight weeks.Muscles were processed to prepare sections stained with H&E, Mallory’s trichrome and immune-histochemical staining (neurofilament light chain). @*RESULTS@#A significant increase in collagen fibers and failure of re-innervation were noticed in untreated laceration group. BM-MSCs-treated groups showed regeneration of muscle fibers but with increased collagen fibers. Meanwhile, ADSCs showed better regenerative effects evidenced by significant increase in the number of myotubes and significant decrease in collagen deposition. Re-innervation was noticed in MSCs-injected muscles after 8 weeks of laceration. @*CONCLUSION@#Both BM-MSCs and ADSCs improved regeneration of skeletal muscle laceration injury at short- and long-term durations. However, fibrosis was less in ADSCs-treated rats. Effective re-innervation of injured muscles occurred only at the long-term duration.

effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the healing experimental skin wound in diabetic adult male albino rats

Impairment of wound healing in diabetic patients is an important clinical problem. Various studies have suggested that using regenerative medical therapy could be a good solution. Mesenchymal stem cells are nonhematopoietic progenitor cells that have high differentiation potential and could be isolated from bone marrow and other tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the role of stem cells in the healing of diabetic skin wounds of male albino rats. Forty-two male albino rats were used in this study. Seven of them of an average weight of 50-70 g were used for extraction of bone marrow. The rest of the rats were of an average weight of 150-200 g and were used as animal models. The animals were divided into four groups: group I, comprising rats from which the bone marrow was extracted; group II, which formed the control group; group III, comprising diabetic wounded rats; and group IV, in which wounded diabetic rats were treated with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Diabetes was induced in rats by means of a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Wounds of groups III and IV were examined after 3 and 7 days. Skin specimens were processed and stained with H and E and Masson's trichrome. Re-epithelization with complete closure of the wound was noted in the stem cell-treated group after 7 days. There was a significant increase in the number of hair follicles/high-power field and increase in the collagen content of the dermis in the stem cell-treated groups compared with the untreated groups. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be effectively used in the treatment of diabetic wounds

comparative study of the static histomorphometry and marrow content of human vertebral and iliac crest trabecular bone

Cancellous bone architecture is an important determinant of bone strength. The iliac crest marrow is a gold standard graft during discectomy and spinal fusion procedures but is associated with donor site morbidity. In a trial to find an alternative, the aim of this work was to compare the structure and histomorphometric measurements of the vertebral and iliac bones and assess their bone marrow cellular content and osteogenic potential. Vertebral body bone specimens were taken from four human subjects and specimens of iliac crest bone were obtained from five human subjects scheduled for surgery after taking their consent. Histomorphometric measurements were done in every specimen using decalcified and undecalcified sections. Osteogenic potential of the marrow progenitor cells was estimated by immunohistochemical detection of alkaline phosphatase expression. Both vertebral body and iliac crest were seen consisting of branching and anastomosing trabeculae covered by cortical bone. However, the trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were significantly higher in the vertebral body than in the iliac crest. Moreover, the osteoid thickness and eroded surface were significantly greater in the vertebral body indicating more turning over activity as compared to iliac crest. The marrow content of nucleated cells was highly significant higher in vertebral body than that of the iliac crest. In addition, the osteogenic potential of the marrow progenitor cells showed no significant difference between vertebral body marrow and that of iliac crest. Static histomorphometric measurements of vertebral body differ from that of iliac crest. Meanwhile, vertebral bone marrow is rich in progenitor cells and its osteogenic potential is nearly the same as that of iliac crest, so vertebral marrow could be considered a suitable candidate for marrow graft supplementation in spinal fusion procedures

Histological study of the role of medical ozone in modulating experimentally induced chronic liver injury in male albino rats

Medical ozone, a mixture gas of ozone and oxygen is used as a therapy for various diseases and has been recently used in viral hepatitis. This study investigated the possibility that ozone treatment may decrease or prevent the development of liver cirrhosis in chronic liver diseases using rats taking carbon tetrachloride. 35 rats were used and were divided into 4 groups. Rats of group I act as control and rats of group II were given medical ozone. Carbon tetrachloride was given to rats of group III while rats of group IV were given both carbon tetrachloride and medical ozone on alternating days. Chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride resulted in degeneration of most hepatocytes together with disorganization of their arrangement. There was a significant increase in the number of smooth muscle actin positive cells/hpf and in the collagen content in the portal tract areas. The fenestrations of the endothelial cells lining the sinusoids were rarely seen and basement membrane material appeared under the sinusoidal wall. Co-administration of medical ozone with carbon tetrachloride to rats preserved the integrity of most hepatocytes and preserved their content of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, small vacuoles were still seen in the hepatocytes and there was still disorganization of the hepatocyte arrangement. The collagen content was significantly decreased as compared to group III but still showed highly significant increase as compared to control. Medical ozone can preserve the integrity of many hepatocytes in chronic liver injury and has a moderate effect on the collagen fiber formation. So, it is recommended to do clinical trials to investigate the ability of medical ozone to preserve the liver functions in chronic liver diseases

Histological and scanning electron microscopic study of the effect of cigarette smoke on the heart of male albino rats

Environmental tobacco smoke has been shown to cause heart diseases among non-smokers. Twenty one adult male albino rats were used to investigate the effect of cigarette smoke on the heart and to evaluate the possibility of recovery. Rats were divided into 3 equal groups. Rats of group I were considered as control Rats of group II were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 weeks, while those of group III were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 weeks then the exposure was stopped for another 4 weeks. Exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in affection of the coronaries. Some cardiac muscle fibers showed vacuolated cytoplasm, while other showed deeply stained acidophilic cytoplasm and psychotic nuclei. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed that some cardiac muscle fibers appeared necrotic with loss of their normal architecture. There was a decrease in succinic dehydrogenase enzyme activity and in the antiapoptotic Bcl-x [L]protein expression. Stopping the exposure for 4 weeks showed that few cardiac muscle fibers were still affected. Areas of fibrosis were seen between the cardiac muscle fibers in Mallroy stained sections and in the scanning electron microscopic study. There was an increase in scenic dehydrogenase enzyme activity and in the Bcl-x[L] protein expression in the cardiac muscle fibers in group III- that was left for 4 weeks for recovery after 4 weeks of exposure to cigarette smoke- in comparison to those of group II, but was still less than those of the control It is concluded that cigarette smoke affected the cardiac muscle and some of its effects could not be reversible