Current Status Of Immunoglobulin M And Immunoglobulin G Seroprevalence Of Torch Infections In Pregnant Women With Bad Obstetric History At A Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: TORCH stands for Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalo virus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus- 2 (HSV-2). These infections are transmitted to the foetus through transplacental route at any time during gestation or sometimes at the time of delivery. The infection may be asymptomatic or mild in mother but associated with inadvertent outcomes for the foetus. One of the causes of BOH is maternal infection. TORCH infection is asymptomatic in pregnant women and on clinical basis it is difficult to diagnose. To study the TORCH infection (IgM and IgG antibodies)Aim: prevalence in pregnant women with Bad Obstetric History. A hospital based cross-sectionalMaterials And Methods: study conducted in Department of Microbiology in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana over a period of one year (February 2020 - January 2021). A total of 90 samples were included in the study including control group. The IgM seroprevalence of TORCH in participants with bad obstetricResults: history was found to be 11.11%. In cases with Bad obstetric history prevalence of IgM Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus & Herpes Simplex Virus was found as 4.44%, 0%, 2.22% & 4.44% respectively and prevalence of IgG Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, & Herpes Simplex Virus was found as 53.33%, 91.11%, 88.89% & 66.67% respectively. This study concluded that a previous history of pregnancy wastage and the serologicalConclusion: screening for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases to reduce the adverse fetal outcome

Mixed dermatophytic infections: a learning perspective and report of ten cases

Background: Isolation of two or more than two pathogenic fungi from the same body site in a patient is considered as a rare entity and very few cases have been reported in literature. These types of infections are called as mixed/ combined fungal infections. Author are enumerating ten cases of superficial mycoses in which two different dermatophytes were grown from the same focus.Methods: From clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, skin and hair samples were collected from the affected sites and examined by standard mycological procedures. Microscopy was done by using 10% KOH wet mount. Culture was put on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with cyclohexamide medium. Growth was identified by lactophenol cotton blue mount.Results: Mixed dermatophytes were obtained from tinea corporis (five cases), tinea capitis (four cases) and tinea cruris (one case) patients. Fungal combinations from given cases involved two different species of genus Trichophyton which were as follows: T. violaceum+T. tonsurans, T. verrucosum+T. tonsurans, T. violaceum (violet) and T. violaceum (white), T. mentagrophytes+T. Violaceum, T. rubrum+T. tonsurans, T. violaceum+T. rubrum, T. rubrum+T. mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum+T. mentagrophytes, T. mentagrophytes+T. tonsurans, Malassezia+T. mentagrophytes.Conclusions: Inspite of the frequent occurrence of dermatophytic infections worldwide, reports on mixed dermatophytes are very few. With proper sample collection and proper identification procedures, more cases can be identified and added to the existing literature.