Evaluation of surgical methods and outcome of the treatment for varicose veins.

Background: Varicose veins of lower extremities are the most common peripheral vascular disease and it calls for treatment due to the morbidity and loss of working hours it causes. In advocating surgery the need to establish the need for surgery in the patient cannot be over emphasized. In the present study, the various surgical methods available and the outcome of the treatment for varicose veins in patients were evaluated. Methods: The study was conducted in teaching & general hospital and government general hospital, attached to medical college. The various available surgical procedures were used in the present study after the informed consent from all the patients. Results: Trendelenburg’s operation was done in 4.76% of cases, it was coupled with stripping of long saphenous and subfascial ligation of perforators 33.33% cases. In 9.52% cases with competent saphenofemoral junction, only subfascial ligation was carried out by small transverse incisions. Postoperative wound infection was seen in 20.59% of cases. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the Trendelenburg’s operation is carried out in all the patients with saphenofemoral incompetence. Stripping of the long saphenous vein from above downwards is safer for the saphenous nerve than stripping from below upwards. Stripping of long saphenous vein till the below knee level is an adequate procedure. This can be combined with the multiple ligation or excision of varicose tributaries.

Pattern and modes of presentation of varicose veins of lower limbs.

Background: Varicose veins of the lower extremities are one of the most common peripheral vascular diseases and calls for treatment. Therefore the present study was undertaken to study the pattern and various modes of presentation of the patient with varicosities of the lower limbs. Methods: The study was conducted in teaching & general hospital and government general hospital, attached to medical college. A detail clinical history was taken and a thorough clinical examination was done. The signs and symptoms of patients were reported. Results: 42 cases were afflicted with varicose veins of the lower extremities comprising only 10.99% of the total admissions with vascular complaints. Maximum incidence was in the age group 21-40 years (61.9%). 57.14% of cases were involved in occupation requiring prolonged periods of standing and/ or violent muscular contraction. The most common presenting complaint was pain which varied from dragging pain to night cramps associated with heaviness of the limbs. Edema was present in 11 cases, predominantly localized to below knee with pitting nature. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the disease is most prevalent in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. We concluded that occupation involving prolonged standing and/or violent muscular contractions contribute to or precipitate varicose veins if not actually cause them.

The age and mode of presentation of benign prostatic hyperplasia at Hubli in Karnataka.

Background: The peculiarities of the prostate are that in old age when most of organ regresses in size it enlarges and causes trouble. By virtue of its position, it guards outlet of urinary bladder. It must be admitted that even today the extent nature of etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis are all-debatable. Therefore, the present study was aimed at elucidating the age and mode of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia among the patients in and around Hubli, Karnataka. Methods: The study was conducted after the institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent from all the patients. 21 cases of BPH were included in the present study. The signs and symptoms of mode of presentation were recorded. The urine was examined for the presence of albumin, pus cells, epithelial cells and RBCs. Results: The maximum incidence of the disease was in the age group of 60-69 years. Majority of the patients had difficulty in micturition followed by increased frequency of micturition both during day and night Patient with retention usually had distension of bladder. These patients complained of dull aching pain in the suprapubic area and in the groin region. Burning micturition (14.28%), dribbling of urine (4.76%), urgency (4.76%), and haematuria (4.76%) were present. Routine urine examination showed albumin (28.56%), pus cells (23.80%), epithelial cells (19.04%) and haematuria (4.76%). Conclusion: Incidence of BPH at Hubli region of Karnataka is 0.3001% of total hospital admission. The maximum age incidence of BPH is in the age group of 60-69 years. Majority of the patients had difficulty in micturition increased frequency of micturition both during day and night a large number of cases show association with presence of urinary tract infection.

Morphological patterns of endometrium in infertile woman-a prospective study.

Background and Objective: Infertility is a global health problem because 8-12% of all couples worldwide, around 80 million are infertile. Endometrium is the most sensitive indicator of ovarian function. Endometrial biopsy with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining is an important investigation in the Indian Scenario. Therefore the present study has undertaken to investigate the morphological patterns of endometrium in infertile women. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College after the ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee. The study included 90 cases with complaints of infertility (primary / secondary). The premenstrual D & C was done to obtain endometrial biopsy. The endometrial tissue was fixed; processed, sectioned and performed Hematoxylin & Eosin stain for morphology of endometrium, dating of endometrium and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain for acid fast bacilli was also performed. In this descriptive analysis, values are mentioned as percentages. Result: In the present study, we also observed 2 cases of Tuberculosis (TB), 5 cases exhibited cystic hyperplasia and only a single case of endometrial polyp was seen. But, the percentage of cases of secretory phase was more. Simple cystic hyperplasia was seen in 3 cases of primary and 2 cases of secondary infertility. Conclusion: In the present study we concluded that the anovulatory endometrium, simple cystic hyperplasia and luteal phase defect formed the major etiological basis of many cases of infertility and the tuberculosis endometritis and endometrial polyp formed the minor group of etiology.

Comparative study of cardiovascular response in trained and untrained volleyball and basketball players.

Background: Exercise training increases cardiovascular functional capacity and decreases myocardial oxygen demand at any level of physical activity. The aim of present study was to observe and compare the changes induced by isometric hand grip exercise on cardiovascular responses in young healthy male and female trained Volleyball and Basketball players with age and sex matched untrained controls. Methods: This study was carried out at Department of Physiology, J.S.S. Medical College and Hospital. Two hundred and forty (240) participants were included and were divided into trained Volleyball & Basketball players and healthy adult controls of both sex with 40 members in each category. Estimation of SBP, DBP, MAP and HR were carried out before, after and during various duration of exercise by adopting standard procedures Results: The mean SBP, DBP, MAP and HR at various durations for male subjects playing basketball, Volleyball and Control groups shows a significant increase (p<0.0001) in all the parameters at rest, during isometric HG exercise and at post exercise in untrained Control subjects. Conclusions: Exercise training increases cardiovascular functional capacity.

Evaluation of cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise in trained female basket ball and volley ball players.

Background: Physical inactivity is recognized as a risk factor for coronary artery diseases. The aim of present study was to observe changes induced by isometric hand grip exercise on cardiovascular responses in young healthy trained female Volleyball and Basketball players. Methods: This study was carried out at Department of Physiology, J.S.S. Medical College and Hospital. Hundred and eighty (180) female participants were included and were divided into trained Volleyball & Basketball players and healthy adult controls of 60 each. Estimation of SBP, DBP, MAP and HR were carried out before, after and during various duration of exercise by adopting standard procedures Results: The mean SBP, DBP, MAP and HR at various durations for female subjects playing basketball, Volleyball and Control groups shows a significant increase (p<0.0001) in all the parameters at rest, during isometric HG exercise and at post exercise in untrained Controls compared with trained subjects. No significant difference was observed in the above said parameters at rest, during isometric HG exercise and at post exercise between Subjects and between volleyball and basketball players. Conclusions: Exercise leads to significant decrease in cardiovascular stress in trained individuals.