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Objective@#To explore the association between digital devices usage and body weight overestimation in children and adolescents aged 7-18, in order to provide a scientific basis for body weight overestimation prevention in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#Based on the data of the Research Special Project for Public Welfare Industry of Health using stratified cluster sampling method in 2012, a tatal of 40 073 children and adolescents from 7 provinces with complete information were chosen. Ordinal multivariable Logistic regression model estimated the association between digital devices usage and body weight overestimation.@*Results@#A total of 4 276(11.8%) students with overestimation of body weight were detected, who spent >300 min/d time in digital devices(5.12%) than others (3.84%)( χ 2=19.14, P <0.01). Univariate analysis showed that students with time spent on digital devices >300 min/d had a higher risk in overestimation of body weight ( OR=1.36,95%CI=1.18-1.57,P <0.01) compared with students who spent on digital devices≤120 min/d. There was still a significant association after confounder adjustment ( OR=1.28, 95%CI= 1.10-1.48,P <0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the association between digital devices usage and overestimation of body weight were only observed in girls, 11-18 years old and non single child( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The time usage of digital devices is associated with overestimation of body weight in children and adolescents. It may helpful for children and adolescents to prevent overestimation of body weight by reducing time spent on digital devices.
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Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and establish a nomogram model.Methods:The clinical data of 120 T2DM patients underwent open surgery for gastric cancer from February 2020 to January 2021 in Handan Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 50 patients had an anesthesia recovery time>30 min (observation group), and 70 patients had an anesthesia recovery time≤30 min (control group). Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the optimal cut-off value of each influencing factor for predicting anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM. A nomogram model to predict anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM was established with R language software 4.0 "rms" package.Results:The proportion of men, age, decrease amplitude of postoperative temperature, operation time intraoperative blood transfusion rate in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group: 84.00% (42/50) vs. 20.00% (14/70), (60.31 ± 14.23) years vs. (47.58 ± 8.96) years, (0.33 ± 0.09) ℃ vs. (0.28 ± 0.08) ℃, (92.32 ± 8.58) min vs. (84.54 ± 6.24) min and 38.00% (19/50) vs. 10.00% (7/70), the body mass index (BMI), heart rate and operating room temperature were significantly lower than those in control group: (20.11 ± 3.96) kg/m 2 vs. (24.69 ± 4.58) kg/m 2, (103.73 ± 9.57) beats/min vs. (118.32 ± 18.15) beats/min and (28.66 ± 1.58) ℃ vs. (30.25 ± 1.98) ℃, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in smoking, drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, anesthetic drug types, anesthesiologist job title, muscle relaxant drug types and body temperature between 2 groups ( P>0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the optimal cut-off values of age, BMI, heart rate, decrease amplitude of postoperative temperature, operating room temperature and operation time for predicting anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM were 46 years old, 21.8 kg/m 2, 113 beats/min, 0.3 ℃, 30.6 ℃ and 91 min, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that gender (male), age (>46 years old), BMI (≤21.8 kg/m 2), decrease amplitude of postoperative temperature (>0.3 ℃), operating room temperature (≤30.6 ℃) and operation time (>91 min) were independent risk factors for predicting anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM ( OR = 1.909, 1.815, 1.606, 1.458, 1.521 and 1.539; 95% CI 1.215 to 3.000, 1.014 to 3.249, 1.252 to 1.941, 1.251 to 1.628, 1.068 to 2.167 and 1.119 to 1.828; P<0.01 or<0.05). When gender, age, BMI, decrease amplitude of postoperative temperature, operating room temperature and operation time were included as predictors for constructing the nomogram model, the internal validation results showed that the c-index of the nomogram model for predicting anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM was 0.701 (95% CI 0.672 to 0.724); calibration curve showed good agreement between observed value and predicted value; the threshold value of the nomogram model for predicting anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM was>0.20, and the nomogram model provided a net clinical benefit; the clinical net benefit of the nomogram model was greater than that of sex, age, BMI, decrease amplitude of postoperative temperature, operating room temperature and operation time. Conclusions:A nomogram model to predict anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM is constructed based on gender, age, BMI, decrease amplitude of postoperative temperature, operating room temperature and operation time, and this model is significant for predicting anesthesia recovery time after gastric cancer surgery in patients with T2DM.
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Objective@#To analyze the association between masculine and feminine traits, gender role in students and family factors, and to provide a scientific basis for promoting the healthy development of children and adolescents gender role.@*Methods@#Cluster random sampling method was used to selected 823 students from 2 schools of Xiamen in May, 2018, participants were asked to report individual masculine and feminine traits through the Child s Sex Role Inventory, and then gender role was divided into four types (masculine, feminine, androgynous, undifferentiated). Non parametric tests, generalized linear model, and Logistic regression model were used to explore the association between masculine and feminine traits, gender role and family factors.@*Results@#Compared with the boys from the nuclear family, the masculine traits were lower in boys of other families by 0.282( 95% CI = -0.452 --0.110), and the feminine traits were also lower by 0.192 (95% CI =-0.369--0.014). Compared with boys of middle socioeconomic status (SES), the masculine traits of boys from low SES decreased by 0.157 (95% CI =-0.286--0.029), and the feminine traits decreased by 0.140 (95% CI =-0.274--0.005). The proportion of androgynous in boys from other families was significantly lower than boys from the nuclear family ( OR =0.45, 95% CI =0.21-0.94), with the proportion of undifferentiated significantly higher than nuclear family 2.33 (95% CI =1.22-4.44). The proportion of androgynous in boys from low SES was significantly lower than boys from middle SES ( OR =0.59, 95% CI =0.35-0.99), with the proportion of undifferentiated significantly higher than middle SES 1.62 (95% CI =1.00-2.65). Among girls, the differences in masculine and feminine traits and gender role of different family factors were not statistically significant ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#The masculine and feminine traits and gender role in students are associated with family structures and socioeconomic status, especially in boys. Therefore, the family environment is an important factor affecting children s gender role, and the healthy development of children s gender role needs parents attention and correct guidance.
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Objective@#To analyze the trend of percentile changes in body composition among children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 by gender and age, and to provide a scientific basis for reference value.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 585 children and adolescents from September to December 2020. Use the GAMLSS to estimate the P 25 , P 50 and P 75 percentile value of gender, age specific body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass (FFM).@*Results@#In different age groups, body fat percentage of boys with normal nutritional status peaked at around 10-year old, among them, body fat percentage of 10-year old P 25 , P 50 and P 75 were 22.2%, 26.1% and 30.1%, respectively. Body fat percentage of obese boys was at a high level. Among girls, body fat percentage under different nutritional status did not change. With the increase of age, fat mass index plateaued slightly in normal and overweight boys. However, in obese boys, with the increase of age, FMI gradually increased with the increase of percentile, while the value of FMI gradually decreased in girls. Whether in boys or girls, with the increase of age, fat free mass index shows an increasing trend, and boys increase faster.@*Conclusion@#Under different nutritional status, there are differences in the percentile value of body fat percentage, fat mass index and fat free mass by gender and age, which can provide a scientific basis for reference value of body composition in children and adolescents.
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Objective@#To evaluate the association of short-term fine particulate matters (PM2.5) exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 144 813 junior and senior middle school students who participated in the physical examination in the 2017-2018 academic year in a northern city of China, with complete record of demographic characteristics, blood pressure and no history of heart and other important organ diseases were selected as the study subjects. Data on PM2.5 and other pollutants and meteorological data were obtained from the nearest air quality and meteorological monitoring stations of each schools. A generalized linear mixed effect model was used to analyze the association between short-term exposure of PM2.5 and blood pressure.@*Results@#The 6 day average concentration of PM2.5 (lag05) increased by 10 μg/m 3 was associated with an increase of 0.177(95%CI=0.148-0.207)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) in systolic blood pressure and 4.4%(OR=1.044, 95%CI=1.030-1.058) increase of the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure. And it was also associated with -0.021(95%CI=-0.040--0.002)mm Hg decrease in diastolic blood pressure, but had no significant correlation with the prevalence of high diastolic blood pressure. In general, a 10 μg/m 3 increase of PM2.5 was associated with 3.3% increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.02-1.05), and difference of boys and girls were found in different lagged days (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Short-term exposure of PM2.5 is associated with increased systolic blood pressure and prevalence of high blood pressure among children and adolescents. Attention should be paid to the prevention of short-term exposure of PM2.5 to protect the health of children and adolescents.
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Objective@#To analyze the cumulative effect of preadolescent lifestyles on the prevalence and incidence of elevated blood pressure (EBP) in children, and to provide evidence for early hypertensive intervention.@*Methods@#In 2017, a cohort study on pubertal development was conducted in Xiamen, Fujian Province. Participants underwent a physical examination and questionnaire survey. Between 2017 and 2019, this study carried out a 2-year follow-up of 1 316 students whose complete data were obtained. Preadolescent lifestyles were assessed by referring to baseline survey results obtained in 2017, and the prevalence and incidence of EBP were determined according to blood pressure levels that were determined in 2019. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of healthy lifestyles on the prevalence and incidence of EBP after adjusted for confounding factors.@*Results@#The prevalence of EBP in 2017 and 2019 was 25.0% and 23.3%, respectively, and its incidence was 18.9% after the 2-year follow-up. Children with a healthy lifestyle had a lower prevalence and incidence of EBP. The regression analysis showed that children who have more healthy lifestyle factors were at a lower risk of EBP (P<0.05). Compared with students with 0-2 healthy lifestyle factors, the OR value of EBP prevalence was 0.52 (95% CI=0.30-0.90) and the RR value of EBP incidence was 0.60(95%CI=0.29-1.22) in children with 4-5 healthy lifestyle factors. Among them, children who were overweight or obese were at a significantly lower risk of EBP prevalence (OR=0.29, 95%CI=0.10-0.81).@*Conclusion@#Preadolescent lifestyles seemed to have a cumulative effect on the occurrence of EBP. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle had a positive effect on reducing the risk of EBP, particularly in overweight and obese children, and this was due to their adoption of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between one-child and low height level classification among children and adolescents, and the effects of fruits, vegetables and physical activities on this association, and to provide as cientific reference for probing into and improving the differences of their height level between one child and child with siblings.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster sampling method, 93 primary and secondary schools in 7 provinces and cities in China were selected for physical examination and questionnaire surveys. A total of 40 978 primary and middle school students aged 7-17 were selected. A multilevel Logistic regression model was used to analyze.@*Results@#Univariate analysis found that being one-child was less likely to be classified as low height level(OR=0.63, 95%CI=0.58-0.67); the multilevel model also found that the probability that one-child being at low height level was still lower(OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.73-0.85), and daily vigorous-intensity physical activities ≥1 h (OR=0.92, 95%CI=0.85-0.99) and daily vegetables and fruits intake ≥5 servings (OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.75-0.92) could also reduce the probability of being at low height level. Hierarchical analysis found that when vegetables and fruits intake and physical activities time were sufficient, there was no longer a significant difference in the height level classification between one-child and child with siblings(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Being one-child could be a protective factor for the height level classification of children and adolescents. Adequate intake of vegetables and fruits and time of vigorous-intensity physical activities could fill the gap of height level classification between of being one-child and child with siblings. Effective behavioral intervention measures should be taken to protect the healthy growth of height among children and adolescences.