ABSTRACT
Bryophytes are primitive non vascular plants. A little is explored regarding the medicinal effects of bryophytes on carcinoma. This study investigated the biological effects of purified terpenoids from Brachythecium buchananii on selected cell lines such as HeLa, MDAMB-231 and MG63 human osteosarcoma cells and also elucidating the regulatory signaling pathways underlying the effects of terpenoids towards caspase cascade and the antioxidant enzyme system. The cell lines were treated with various concentrations of purified terpenoid extracts interms of evaluating viability (MTT assay). Interestingly, MG63 cell lines showed poor viability as compared to other ongo cells and was subjected to further molecular evaluations. Migration and invasion assay results using wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively reveal the pro-antimetastatic potential of the purified terpenoids from the moss. The flow cytometry study substantiated terpenoid induced apoptosis in MG63 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed the significant increase in the number of cells arrested at the S growth phase. Terpenoid extract also displayed DNA fragmentation in the cells. Western blot analysis revealed the down regulation of the anti‑apoptotic proteins Bcl‑2, pro‑caspase 3 and over expression of the pro‑apoptotic protein Bax. In addition, the caspase cascade profile of the terpenoid extract substantiated their efficacy in tumour inhibition. Thus, the overall results confirmed the biological features of terpenoid induced apoptosis in the MG63 cells.
ABSTRACT
The timber value of Tectona grandis has been established from decades. Teak is an exotic species cultivated along most parts of tropical regions. Anthocyanins are natural colourants which have raised a growing demand due to their extensive range of colours, innocuous and beneficial health effects. Anthocyanins belong to large group of polyphenolics - flavonoids, which are secondary metabolites synthesized by higher plants. Despite the remarkable application of anthocyanins in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, still it is not properly exploited. In the present study, the bioactive components of Tectona grandis young leaves have been evaluated using Perkin-Elmer Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. GC-MS analysis revealed the existence of eleven compounds. 5,9-Methanobenzocycloocten-1(2H)-one,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-5,10-dihydroxy-3,3,7,7,9- pentamethyl (76.02%) and 1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid,5-[2-(3-furanyl)ethyl]decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-6- methylene-[1R-(1.alpha.,4a.)] (13.95%). Other compounds present in minor quantities were ledol(0.92%), 3- Buten-2-one,4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)orionone(0.49%),9,12,15 Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- or Linolenic acid methyl ester (0.82%), Phytol (0.69%), Cedran-diol, 8S,14- (0.60%), Lupeol (0.71%), 3- Methoxymethyl-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-6,7,8a-tetrahydro-5H-chromene (3.45%) and Retinol(1.27%). This is the first report of identification of active constituents from the young leaves of Tectona grandis.
ABSTRACT
Inhibitory effects of methanol and water extract of L. bowringii. on the adhesion, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities of MCF 7 human breast cancer cell line are reported. Cells were cultured with 10, 25, 50 µg/mL methanolic or water extract of L. bowringii. Culture medium containing 0.1% DMSO was used as a solvent control. Ultra structural analysis by electron microscopy revealed typical features of apoptosis. A remarkable dose-response parallelism was observed between methanolic extract with growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Fractionation of methanolic extract by RP-HPLC revealed a pool of phenolic acids. Hoechst 33342 staining assay reveals massive chromatin condensation and subsequent cleavage of structural components of nucleus. The results indicate that methanol extracts inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells partially through the inhibition of metallo proteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. Methanolic extract has more anti-metastatic effects in cell based assay than water extract. Clinical application of L. bowringii extract as a bioactive chemopreventive compound may be helpful in limiting breast carcinoma invasion and metastasis.
ABSTRACT
Wound healing occurs as a fundamental response to tissue injury. Polyphenols are considered to be principle constituent to promote wound healing. Plagiochila beddomei was applied clinically by Paliyar tribes of Madurai district to treat intractable wounds. To validate the ethnotherapeutic claims of the plant in skin diseases, the effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts from P. beddomei on wound healing as well as angiogenesis was studied. 7th day and 10th day after excision wounds creation, the percent wound contraction of the extracts group was higher than that of Madecassol® (reference drug) group. On 3rd, 7th and 10th day after wounds creation, the wound healing quality of the extracts group was better than that of Madecassol® group on terms of granulation formation and collagen organization. On 3rd day after wounds creation, the micro vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression of methanolic extracts group was higher than that of Madecassol® group. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenols. The results show that P. beddomei extract has potent wound healing property probably resulting from the remarkable angiogenic activity.