ABSTRACT
Overweight and obesity are a global epidemic with rates having risen to alarming levels in both developed and developing countries. Chile has been no exemption, with sharp increases in obesity prevalence, especially among school-age children. This paper describes the policy actions and strategies implemented to tackle this major public health concern in Chile over the last 10 years, and highlights the main challenges and nuances of the process. Chile has taken policy action that includes front-of-package labelling, advertising regulations, and school-food restrictions. New policies focus on the social determinants of health as they relate to food environments and people's behavior. These actions are not only suitable to the current context in Chile, but are also supported by the best available scientific evidence. Moreover, the implementation of these policies has produced a broad debate involving public institutions and the food industry, with discussions issues ranging from property rights to trade barriers. Despite some differences among stakeholders, a valuable political consensus has been achieved, and several international organizations are eager to evaluate the impact of these pioneer initiatives in Latin America.
Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Informed Policy , Legislation, Food/standards , Obesity/prevention & control , Chile , Food Publicity , Food Labeling/standardsABSTRACT
Background: It is of utmost importance to identify hypertensive subjects in a country, in order to use efficiently public resources. The National Health Survey 2009-10 in Chile incorporated a third measurement of blood pressure (BP) during the home visit performed by a nurse, and a second day of measurement in a representative sub-sample. Aim: To study the effect of these two additional actions over both the average value of BP and the national prevalence of hypertension. Material and Methods: A third blood pressure measurement was carried out in 5,058 subjects, and it was measured in a second day in 930 individuals. The effect of these additional measurements on absolute blood pressure values and the prevalence of hypertension were assessed. Results: A small but statistically significant reduction in mean systolic pressure (0.52 mmHg) and the prevalence of hypertension (1%) was observed after the incorporation of the third blood pressure measurement. No effects in these figures were observed after the measurement performed on a second day. Conclusions: These findings should be considered when designing the new National Health Survey in Chile.