ABSTRACT
Objectives: We sought to evaluate the effects of omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT] and inflammatory factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]
Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 60 women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups [n = 30 each group] and assigned to take either 1000 mg omega-3 plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements or a placebo for 12 weeks
Results: Compared with placebo, omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation led to significant decreases in maximum levels of left CIMT [-0.006 +/- 0.006 vs. +0.002 +/- 0.007 mm, p < 0.001], mean levels of left CIMT [-0.005 +/- 0.006 vs. +0.002 +/- 0.010 mm, p = 0.010], maximum levels of right CIMT [-0.006 +/- 0.010 vs. +0.006 +/- 0.010 mm, p = 0.010], and mean levels of right CIMT [-0.005 +/- 0.005 vs. +0.001 +/- 0.010 mm, p = 0.020]. Change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] [-390.6 +/- 942.9 vs. +237.0 +/- 754.3 ng/mL, p = 0.006] was significantly different between the supplemented patients and placebo group. We did not observe any significant effect in plasma nitric oxide [NO] values following supplementation with omega-3 plus vitamin E compared with the placebo
Conclusions: Co-supplementation with omega-3 and vitamin E for 12 weeks among patients with PCOS had beneficial effects on CIMT and serum hs-CRP values, but unchanged NO values
ABSTRACT
Micronutrient deficiency during pregnancy is associated with several complications. This study was designed to determine the effects of received multivitamin-mineral vs. multivitamin supplements on maternal, newborns' biochemical indicators, and birth size. This double-blind randomized-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 48 Iranian pregnant women, primigravida, aged 18-35 years old in their second and third trimester from December 2011 to September 2012. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the multivitamin-mineral [n=24] or multivitamin supplements [n=24] for 20 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after a 20-week intervention of pregnant women as well as umbilical cord blood of the babies immediately after delivery to measure serum calcium, vitamin D, iron, magnesium, zinc and biomarkers of oxidative stress including plasma total antioxidant capacity and total glutathione. Multivitamin-mineral compared to multivitamin supplementation resulted in a significant increase in maternal serum calcium [0.5 vs. -0.1 mg/dL, p=0.04] and magnesium levels [0.1 vs. -0.2 mg/dL, p<0.001]. Furthermore, mean plasma total glutathione levels [1791 +/- 566 vs. 1434 +/- 622 micro mol/l, p=0.04] of the newborns whose mothers received multivitamin-mineral were higher than those whose mothers received multivitamin supplements. Overall, multivitamin-mineral compared to multivitamin supplementation for 20 weeks during pregnancy resulted in a significant increase in maternal serum calcium and magnesium levels as well as a significant elevation of newborn plasma total glutathione levels.
ABSTRACT
Increased requirement and decreased dietary intakes of micronutrients during pregnancy might affect maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. This study was aimed to examine the effects of two types of multiple micronutrient supplementations on pregnancy outcomes in Kashan, Iran. In a randomized single-blind controlled clinical trial, 104 primigravid singleton pregnant women aged 18-30 years were randomly assigned to receive either a multivitamin [n - 51] or a multivitamin-mineral [n - 53] supplements for 20 weeks. Participants consumed supplements once a day at week 16 of gestation. Maternal anthropometric data as well as newborn's weight, height, head circumference and 5-min Apgar score were also determined. Independent samples /-test was used for comparing between-group means. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify determinants of newborn's weight, height and head circumference. Women taking multivitamin-mineral supplements gained marginally less weight until week 28 than those taking multivitamin supplements [weight at week 28 of gestation: 67.5 +/- 11.4 vs. 71.6 +/- 10.3 kg, P = 0.06]. Mean body mass index at week 28 [25.8 +/- 4.0 vs. 28.4 +/- 3.7 kg/m[2], P = 0.001] as well as at delivery [28.0 +/- 3.9 vs. 30.1 +/- 3.8 kg/m[2], P = 0.006] was lower among women taking multivitamin-mineral supplements than those taking multivitamin supplements. Although no significant difference was seen in newborns7 height and Apgar score between the two groups, mean birth weight [3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.4 kg, P = 0.04] and head circumference [35 +/- 1.4 vs. 34 +/- 1.3cm, P< 0.0001] of the infants whose mothers receiving multivitamin-mineral supplements were higher than those whose mothers received multivitamins. Multivitamin-mineral use by pregnant women was a significant predictor of infants' weight [P =0.191, P = 0.03] and head circumference [p =0.907, P = 0.005]. In conclusion, we found that birth weight and head circumference was increased in infants whose mothers received multivitamin-mineral supplements for 5 months during pregnancy compared with infants whose mothers received multivitamin supplements