[Predicting marital satisfaction on the basis of attachment styles and differentiation components]

Introduction: Family is a natural social system that couples are its major subsystems in the all of stages of its development, and [the marital satisfaction of them is determinant in the both state of causal and target] many factors such as attachment styles and differentiation components play a role in their marital satisfaction. The aim of this research was to predict marital satisfaction on the basis of attachment styles and differentiation components

Materials and Methods: This research was a fundamental and descriptive research that was done in the shape of a predictive correlative design. The statistical universe in this research, were married workers of Tabriz University and Tabriz Medical Sciences University in academic year 2010-2011. 200 people were chosen from this universe by considering the gender. After cutting the deficient cases, sample size reduced to 184 people. The age range of subjects was from 23 until 54. Enrich marital satisfaction test, Skowron differentiation of self and Hazen and Shaver attachment styles inventory were used for gathering the data. Correlation and stepwise regression were used for data analysis

Results: The results showed that from components of differentiation of self, I-position and from components of attachment styles, ambivalent attachment style [P<0.001] are the best predictors of marital satisfaction

Conclusion: The research results support from this belief that the primary relationship in family environment, cause the shaping of special attachment style and states of low or high differentiation and these primary experiences have direct effect on couples' interpersonal relationship in adulthood

Prediction strategies to coping with stress in the pregnancy women with first experience on the based factors hardiness and social support

Introduction: Stress is an integral part of life. Pregnant women during pregnancy may also experience stress in the components of hardiness and social support have an important role in reducing stress in these women. The Aim of this study was to prediction strategies to coping with stress in the pregnancy women with first experience on the based factors hardiness and social support

Methods: This research study was a descriptive cross - sectional. The statistical populations consisted of pregnancy women with first experience of Marand city in 2011, in which number of 97 women who had their first experience of pregnancy, birth control health centers were selected by simple available sampling. To collect data we used Questionnaire of Coping Ability Moos belling, Hardiness Suzan and Dog Social Support. For data analysis Pearson correlation coefficient and enter regression by SPSS v.16 were used

Results: The result revealed that there are positive related between variables hardiness and social support with the coping ability by stress in the pregnancy women with first experience [P<0.05]. Also, hardiness and social support can predict change coping ability by stress with prognosticated women

Conclusion: Since pregnant women stress higher in the first experience and as physiological, mental and social changes induced at postpartum period, and hence increase hardiness and social support is necessary and improve the health of mothers and the quality of life in all stages of life

Causal model in emotional intelligence, schizotypy and psychopathology

To assess the relationship of emotional intelligence, schizotypy and psychopathology. In this descriptive-analytical study 150 normal high school students [94 girls and 56 boys] aged 14 to 17 years [15.5 +/- 0.67] in the educational year 1387-1388 in Shahr-e-Rey, completed schizotypal trait questionnaire [STA], Modified Schutte [Emotional Intelligence] El Scale [MSEIS], and three subtests of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised [SCL-90-R], namely, psychoticism, hostility, and paranoid ideation. Data analysis was done by SPSS 11.5 and LISREL 8.54 using independent t-test U, Mann-Whitney test, and path analysis. Path analysis revealed a causal relationship between El and psycho-pathology [t=-4.03, p<0.05]; as well as a causal relationship between emotion appraisal and magical thinking [r=-2.25, p<0.05], paranoid ideation [t=2.03, p<0.05] and schizotypy [t=-3.39, p<0.05]. An accurate assessment of the relationship between factors revealed that emotion appraisal has a causal effect on schizotypy and psychopathology. Emotion appraisal is the perception and evaluation of the emotional situation in oneself as well as others. In fact, individuals with positive emotion appraisal and evaluation are at lower risk of developing signs of schizotypy and psychopathology

effect of the parent management training to mothers of school-boys with externalizing disorders on their general health and parenting styles

Externalizing disorders are seen in childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the behavior parent training on parenting styles and mental health of mothers of children with externalizing disorders. This quasi experimental trial study was down with pre and post test evaluation and control group. Samples of study were boy schools [7-10 years old] in Tabriz city, north-western part of Iran. Thirty two mothers whose children had externalizing disorders and also had insufficient parenting styles [16 mothers with authoritative parenting style, 16 mothers with permissive parenting style] with cut-point scores >/= 23 in general health questionnaire were randomly selected and allocated to the experimental and control groups. Experimental group received behavior parent training and parenting style questionnaire and general health questionnaire was administered as a post-test to both groups of mothers. Data obtained from this study was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U procedure. The results showed that authoritarian [P=0.02] and permissive [P=0.02] parenting styles decreased significantly in experimental group but authoritative parenting style increased significantly [P=0.04]. Also general mental health score increased [P=0.000] and scores of subscales of physical symptoms [P=0.001], anxiety and sleep problems [P=0.02] and depression [P=0.01] decreased significantly after the training. No significant difference was shown between two groups in subscale of social malfunctioning after the training [P=0.14]. The results of this research showed that behavior parent training is helpful for changing parenting styles and improving of mental health of mothers of children with externalizing disorders. Training of parenting style can decrease behavior problems of children with externalizing disorder and improve mental health of their mothers