ABSTRACT
In order to examine the relationship between maternal education and maternal and child mortality a survey was carried out in urban slum area of Surat city. The sample for this survey was designed to provide estimates on a large number of indicators on the situation of children and women living in the area where RCH services are provided by the Health Department of Surat Municipal Corporation. We included the mothers who had delivered in the past 1 year and their babies.Various variables with respect to maternal care and child care were investigated. A logistic regression was applied for variables found significantly associated with maternal education. This study showed that maternal education was independently associated with various aspects of maternal health care and child health care services. It is recommended that the local authorities should make effort to increase the maternal education for the betterment of the society.
ABSTRACT
Over 8 lakh deaths occur every year due to diseases associated with tobacco use in India. The cancer registry data reveals that 48% of cancers in males and 20% in females are tobacco related and are totally avoidable. The present study evaluated socio demographic profile of diamond cutting and polishing workers of Surat city. Additively, the prevalence of various forms of tobacco use and factors related with it in diamond cutting and polishing workers was also studied. The present study was a cross sectional study of 295 diamond cutting and polishing workers selected randomly from different diamond units and interviewed with pre designed and pre tested semi st ructured questionnaire. Data on socio demographic characteristics, various forms of tobacco use and its related factors was collected and analysed with MS Excel and Epi info7. It was seen that the mean age of diamond workers was 29.51±9.02. About 71.2 % workers had history of tobacco use in different forms, from them, 68.1 % were currently consuming tobacco and 3.1 % had already quit their habit. Mean age of starting tobacco was 21.44±6.35 among current users. Mawa-masala (79.6%), khainee (22.39%) and Gutkha (4.48%) were preferred forms of smokeless tobacco among current-users. Smoking form of tobacco was used by 11.4 % of current user, out of which 9.4 % were bidi smokers and 2 % were cigarette smokers. Most common reason for tobacco initiation was peer pressure (74.13%), followed by psychological stress (47.76%). It was concluded that the prevalence of tobacco use among diamond workers is very high compared to that in general population. Preventive strategies are warranted to reduce the future burden of tobacco-related morbidity among these workers.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable as well as an inexpensive diagnostic method. It is suitable for the developing countries for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy at any approachable site. Fine needle aspiration cytology not only confirms the presence of metastatic disease but also, in most cases, gives the clue regarding the origin of the primary tumor, prognosis as well in the management of patient for staging purposes. The aim of the study was to detect and diagnose metastasis in lymph nodes. Methods: A study was done of all metastatic lymph node lesions reported in Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Surat from May 2011 to April 2012. Results: A total of 2355 cases of fine needle aspiration cytology were carried out of which 580 cases were of lymph node. Cytology results were positive for metastasis in 157 specimens (27.06%). The most common site was cervical lymph nodes. Maximum numbers of cases of metastatic tumors were in 41-50 yrs age group. There were 115 males and 42 females with a male predominance (Male:Female= 2.8:1). The most common malignancy was squamous cells carcinoma, seen in 118 cases (75.15%), followed by metastatic mammary carcinoma (13 cases, 8.29%). In 26 cases out of 580 cases, histopathological confirmation was done and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 100%. Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphadenopathy is a useful tool in diagnosing metastatic lesions with good certainty.