Evolution of Sichuan Dao-di herbs recorded in ancient works of materia medica of different historical periods / 中国中药杂志

Sichuan province is very famous for its abundant resources of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).However, within the scope of administrative division of Sichuan province, the origin records of Dao-di herbs in different historical periods show a dynamic distribution process. On the basis of carefully sorting out the geographical scope of Sichuan province in different historical periods, this article focuses on the textual research of the Dao-di herbs in Sichuan province recorded in the seven mainstream ancient works of materia medica.The results showed that, according to the records of Mingyi bielu and Bencaojing Jizhu, the main distribution areas of Dao-di herbs were mainly in the central and eastern regions of Sichuan province, mainly including Moschus, Coptidis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and most of the rest materia medica had become unused in the historical process. Qianjin Yifang records that the distribution areas of Dao-di herbs were mainly in the middle and eastern part of Sichuan province.Aconiti Radix, Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are still the Dao-di herbs of Sichuan province. According to the book of Bencao Tujing,the main distribution areas of Dao-di herbs are Chengdu Plain, Yibin and Santai, While Toosendan Fructus, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Aconiti Radix are still the Dao-di herbs of Sichuan province. Ben Cao Gang Mu records the place of origin as Sichuan.Coptidis Rhizoma, Toosendan Fructus, Cyathulae Radix are still the Dao-di herbs of Sichuan pro-vince. Yaowu Chuchanbian and Zengding Weiyao Tiaobian records the place of origin as Sichuan, as well as Kangding, Songpan, Dujiang-yan, Jiangyou, Nanchong, Ya'an, etc. Moschus, Coptidis Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex are still the Dao-di herbs of Sichuan province. The results of this article provide a new understanding of the history and distribution changes of Dao-di herbs in Sichuan province, and can help to further understand the formation connotation of Sichuan Dao-di herbs.

Research progress on production districts of Sichuan Dao-di herbs / 中国中药杂志

Dao-di herbs are the Chinese herbs which have high quality and best clinic effects. Sichuan is one of the proviences most rich in Chinese herb resources,which has 7 290 species of Chinese herbs, such as Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Ophiopogonis Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Gentianae Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Curcumae Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, ect. After textual research on materia medica of the 7 290 Chinese herbs, we find there are 86 Dao-di herbs in Sichuan, such as Chuanxiong Rhizoma from Dujiangyan, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata from Jiangyou, Fritillariae Radix, Notoptergii Rhizoma et Radix, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix from Suining, Ophiopogonis Radix from Santai, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from Zhongjiang, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex from Pingwu. In China more attention is paid to the production of Dao-di herbs. In 2018, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine launched the "Construction Plan of national production base of genuine medicinal materials". Developing genuine medicinal materials in genuine production areas is one of the effective ways to ensure the quality of medicinal materials. Based on the study of geographical environment and ecological factors(altitude, climate, soil) in Sichuan province. The Dao-di herbs of Sichuan province are divided into 4 districts, including, Sichuan basin medicinal materials production area, mountain and the basin edge medicinal materials production area, Panxi medicinal materials production area, Plateau Mountain Canyon medicinal materials production area. The suitable regions and best suitable regions of the 86 Dao-di herbs in Sichuan are determined by remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis of the suitable environmental indicators of these Dao-di herbs. Our study is beneficial to the rational distribution of the production and to improvement of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine in Sichuan province.

Dao-di herbs pharmacology and new ideas of Dao-di herbs standard construction / 中国中药杂志

Guided by the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and using modern scientific methods, Dao-di herbs pharmacology studies the nature, performance, interaction with the body and its clinical application.It is a bridge between the basic research and clinical application of Dao-di herbs. It can objectively describe the law of efficacy of Dao-di herbs, scientifically explain the mechanism of efficacy of Dao-di herbs, explore and establish the standards and methods of Dao-di herbs based on biological effect and clinical efficacy, and provide scientific basis for the special properties, pharmacology and clinical value of Dao-di herbs.Furthermore, we put forward a new idea of building the standard of Dao-di herbs based on the curative effect rather than the origin.The Dao-di herbs standard should come from the systematic research of traditional Dao-di herbs producing areas and form a new characteristic system, through the extraction of environmental, genetic, character, chemical, pharmacological and other characteristics.This standard originates from the tradition, but it is higher than the tradition. It may not have the origin meaning of strict administrative division, but it can better reflect the pharmacological characteristics and excellent clinical value of Dao-di herbs.

Research on suitable distribution of Paris yunnanensis based on remote sensing and GIS / 中国中药杂志

Paris yunnanensis is a kind of rare medicinal herb, having a very high medicinal value. Studying its suitable ecological condition can provide a basis for its rational exploitation, artificial cultivation, and sustainable utilization. A practicable method in this paper has been proposed to research the suitable regional distribution of P. yunnanensis in Sichuan province. By the case study of P. yunnanensis in Sichuan province, and according to related literatures, the suitable ecological condition of P. yunnanensis such as altitude, mean annual temperature (MAT), annual precipitation, regional slope, slope ranges, vegetative cover, and soil types was analyzed following remote sensing (RS) and GIS.The appropriate distribution regionof P. yunnanensis and its area were extracted based on RS and GIS technology,combing with the information of the field validation data. The results showed that the concentrated distribution regions in counties of Sichuan province were, Liangshan prefecture, Aba prefecture, Sertar county of Ganzi prefecture, Panzhihua city, Ya'an city, Chengdu city, Meishan city, Leshan city, Yibin city, Neijiang city, Luzhou city, Bazhong city, Nanchong city, Guangyuan city and other cities and counties area.The suitable distribution area in Sichuan is about 7 338 km², accounting for 3.02% of the total study regional area. The analysis result has high consistency with the filed validation data, and the research method for P. yunnanensis distribution region based onspatial overlay analysis and the extracted the information of land usage and ecological factors following the RS and GIS is reliable.

Application of remote sensing and GIS in study of suitability distribution of Swertia mussotii, a Tibetan medicine in Sichuan province / 中国中药杂志

Swertia mussotii is a kind of rare medicinal materials, the relevant researches are mainly concentrated on its medicinal efficacy and medicinal value till now, researches of adaptive distribution by applying remote sensing and GIS are relatively less. This study is to analyze the adaptive distribution of S.mussotii in Sichuan province by applying remote sensing and GIS technology, and provide scientific basis for the protection and development of wild resources, artificial cultivation and adjustment of Chinese medicine industrial distribution in Sichuan province. Based on literature review and ecological factors such as altitude, annual precipitation and annual average temperature, this study extracted ecological factors, overlay analysis in GIS, as well as combining GPS field validation data by means of remote sensing and GIS, discusses the adaptive distribution of SMF sin Sichuan province. ①The area of adaptive distribution of S. mussotii in Sichuan province is 1 543.749 km², mainly in Dege county, Ganzi county, Daofu county, Kangding county, Barkam, Jinchuan county, Xiaojin county, Danba county, Daocheng county, Xiangcheng county, Xinlong county, Aba county, Muli county and other counties and cities, accounts for about 7.25% in total area. ② Combining statistical information and field validation, this study found that S. mussotii adaptive distribution gained by remote sensing and GIS is in conformity with its actual distribution. The study shows that remote sensing and GIS technology are feasible to obtain the S. mussotii adaptive distribution, they can further be applied to studies on adaptive distributions of other rare Chinese medicinal herb.

Study on suitable distribution areas of Grifola umbellate in Sichuan province based on remote sensing and GIS / 中国中药杂志

Grifola umbellate is the important medicinal materials in China which has a very high medicinal value. This study analyzedthe suitable distribution areasof G. umbellate and provided scientific basis for determining G. umbellate planting regions and planning production distribution reasonably. The suitable distribution areas of G. umbellate in Sichuan province was researched based on TM, ETM+, and DEM data,the key ecological factors that affect the growth of G. umbellate were extracted, including elevation, slope, aspect, average annual temperature,average annual precipitation,forest information,soil information, following remote sensing and GIS techniques, combining field researchdata. The results showed that the G. umbellate resources in Sichuan province were mainly distributed in Pingwu, Beichuan, Licountry, Yanyuan, Xichang, Dechang, Yanbian, Miyi, Huidong, Panzhihua and so on, the suitability distribution areas is 276.214 4 km² approximately and accounting for more than 0.143 3% of the total area.According to the related document information and the field investigation, showed that the suitability distribution based on RS and GIS were corresponded with the actual distribution areas of G. umbellate.

Study on suitable distribution areas of Notopterygium incisum in Sichuan province based on remote sensing and GIS / 中国中药杂志

Notopterygium incisum is the important medicinal materials of the Tibetan-Qiang medical system in China, also one of the rare and endangered medicinal materials in the Plateau areas in the meantime. Taking the planting of in Sichuan province as an example, research on the N. incisum in Sichuan utilize remote sensing and GIS techniques, bind growth environment factor, including height factor, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, forest information, were chosen according to habitat conditions. And combine field measurement to verify. The results indicate that N. incisum resources in Sichuan province were mainly distributed in the alpine valley and the northwest of the plateau, which suitability distribution areas of 4145 km2 approximately and accounting for 2% of the total area. Suitability areas accounting for more than 2% of the respective total area in Heishui county, Lixian county, Xiaojin county, Kangding county, ect. According to the field investigation and the related document information record, drawn that the suitability distribution based on RS and GIS were corresponded with the actual distribution areas of N. incisum resources. It's feasible to divide the suitability distribution area of N. incisum using RS and GIS, which will provide a scientific basis for a comprehensive investigation of the distribution as well as its rational exploitation and protection.

Planting area estimation of Chinese Tibetan medicine Herpetospermum pedunculosum based on RS&GIS-by case study of Lengqi and Xinglong town in Luding county / 中国中药杂志

The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted at mountain areas where there is appropriate weather condition. Due to the complex terrain condition in mountain area, the planting at such places is always associated with a scattered pattern, which inevitably bring difficulty to the work of accurate measurement for the planting area. Advanced research about monitoring the planting area for medicine-herb under complex environmental condition is so critical and meaningful for developing the medicine-herb planting to a large scale and an industry. Therefore, this research, taking the planting of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in Luding county as an example, utilizes RS&GIS: using the image data from TM and ETM datum as the remote sensing information source, integrating GPS data from quadrat survey on the spots, and analyzing on a GIS platform, to extract the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county. The results indicate that: (1) the method and technology used to estimate the planting area of H. pedunculosum are feasible and can be applied to monitoring the planting area of medicine-herb at mountain area under complex environmental conditions: (2) the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county is estimated to be 857. 246 acres by the methods utilized in this research, which is closed to the value from local statistical data with an error range less than 5%; (3) in consideration of those inevitable errorrs generating from the procedures such as remote sensing data acquisition, data preprocessing, data interpretation, and so on, and the fact that the classification of remote sensing data, which must be implemented by those above procedures, was used directly to extract the herb type, the accuracy of area estimation for the herb is significantly influenced by the accuracy of classification for herb type, and the estimated area is inevitably associated with some error.

Dynamic accumulation regulation of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxyeurcumin in three strains of curcuma longae rhizome / 中国中药杂志

The paper is aimed to study the dynamic accumulation regulation of curcumin (Cur), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxyeurcumin (BDMC) in three strains of Curcuma longa, and provide scientific references for formalized cultivation, timely harvesting, quality control and breeding cultivation of C. longa. The accumulation regulation of the three curcumin derivatives was basically the same in rhizome of three strains. The relative contents decreased along with plant development growing, while the accumulation per hectare increased with plant development growing. The accumulation of curcuminoids per hectare could be taken as the assessment standard for the best harvest time of C. longa. A3 was the best strain in terms of Cur and BDMC content.

Effect of APN/CD13 on bestatin enhancing all-trans-retinoic acid-inducing differentiation in NB4 cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of aminopeptidase N/CD13 on bestatin enhancing all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-inducing differentiation in NB4 cells. The nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay was performed to determine the differentiation of NB4 cells, MR2 cells and primary APL blasts. The expression of P38 MAPK protein and the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK protein in NB4, MR2 and K562 cells were detected by Western blot. The results showed that pre-incubation with 5 µg/ml WM-15 blocked the enhancement effect of bestatin on differentiation of NB4 cells induced by ATRA. 5 µg/ml CD13 antibody WM-15 partly blocked the inhibition of bestatin on the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in NB4 cells. 100 µg/ml bestatin inhibited the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in NB4 cells and MR2 cells in a time-dependent manner. 100 µg/ml bestatin had no effect on the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in K562 cells with low level of CD13. Bestatin could not restore the sensitivity to ATRA in ATRA-resistant primary APL blasts and MR2 cells. It is concluded that aminopeptidase N/CD13 inhibitor bestatin may enhance the differentiation-inducing activity of ATRA through inhibiting the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK in NB4 cells mediated by the cell surface APN/CD13.

Silencing of MGMT with small interference RNA reversed resistance in human BCUN-resistant glioma cell lines / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Our previous study had cloned two glioma cell lines SWOZ1 and SWOZ2 isolated from parental glioma cell line SWO38. The 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) resistance of SWOZ1 was higher than that of SWOZ2. Since O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was thought to be closely related to BCNU resistance in glioma, this study aimed to explore the function of MGMT in glioma resistant to BCNU.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A BCNU resistant glioma cell line SWOZ2-BCNU was established. The expression of MGMT was detected in SWOZ1, SWOZ2 and SWOZ2-BCNU. Small interferencing RNA targeting MGMT was used to silence the expression of MGMT in resistant cell lines SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU. The cytotoxicity of BCNU to these cells was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance in statistical package SPSS 13.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The resistance of SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU against BCNU was 4.9-fold and 5.3-fold higher than that of SWOZ2. The results of quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed that MGMT was both significantly increased in SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU compared to SOWZ2. After transfection with small interferencing RNA targeting MGMT, a decreased level of MGMT mRNA expression in SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU for more than 75% compared to negative control was found and confirmed by Western blotting. As a result, the resistance against BCNU was reversed for about 50% both in the BCNU-resistant cell lines SWOZ1 and SWOZ2-BCNU.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Silencing MGMT with specific small interferencing RNA can reverse the BCNU resistant phenotype in these glioma cell lines. MGMT may play an important role both in intrinsic and acquired BCNU-resistance in glioma.</p>

The experimental study of suppressing silicosis fibrosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference of effects on SiO(2)-induced alveolitis and early fibrosis between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal-like stem cells (BM-MSCs) and BM-MSCs transfected by pcDNA3.1-HGF and to explore the mechanism of this effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Primary BM-MSCs from Wistar male young rats were cultured and labeled by 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:model group (10 rats),which was administered with SiO(2) by the trache, the next day,injected PBS via the tail vein; BM-MSCs group (20 rats),which was administered with SiO(2) by the trache, the next day,injected with 1 ml suspension of BM-MSCs via the tail vein; pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSC group (20 rats),which was administered with SiO(2) by the trache, the next day,injected with 1 ml suspension of BM-MSCs transfected by pcDNA3.1-HGF via the tail vein. On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, half of the animals were sacrificed, respectively, and the lungs were harvested for frozen section to observe the cell marked by DAPI. HE staining under a fluorescent microscope, and to observe the pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis by HE and Masson staining under a light microscope. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of HGF in rat lungs. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in pulmonary tissues were analyzed quantitatively by ELISA. The contents of HYP in pulmonary tissues were analyzed quantitatively by sample hydrolysis method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, the scores of pulmonary alveolitis and early fibrosis in pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSCs group were 2.36 ± 0.17, 2.8 ± 0.14 and 0.1 ± 0.11, 1.16 ± 0.13, which were significantly lower than those (1.68 ± 0.17, 1.58 ± 0.31 and 0.54 ± 0.15, 1.36 ± 0.13) in BM-MSCs group, also which were significantly lower those (2.36 ± 0.17, 2.80 ± 0.14 and 0.64 ± 0.09, 1.84 ± 0.17) in model group (P < 0.05); On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, the TNF-α contents of pulmonary tissues in pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSCs group were 280.4 ± 23.11 and 249.78 ± 22.33 pg/mg, which were significantly lower than those (341.58 ± 35.34, 442.29 ± 36.76 pg/mg and 319.51 ± 17.84, 348.53 ± 33.95 pg/mg) in BM-MSCs and model groups (P < 0.05); On the 14th and 28th days after treatment, the HYP contents of pulmonary tissues in pcDNA3.1-HGF plus BM-MSCs group were 0.46 ± 0.04 and 0.65 ± 0.05 µg/mg, which were significantly lower than those (0.63 ± 0.04, 1.04 ± 0.07 µg/mg and 0.72 ± 0.60, 1.39 ± 0.60 µg/mg) in BM-MSCs and model groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effects of BM-MSCs transfected by pcDNA3.1-HGF on suppressing pulmonary alveolitis and early fibrosis induced by SiO2 were better than those of BM-MSCs. The mechanism may be associated with the reduced pulmonary inflammation.</p>

Role of DJ-1-induced PTEN down-regulation in migration and invasion of human glioma cells / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>DJ-1, a suppressor of PTEN, promotes metastasis of different tumors, but its function and mechanisms in glioma metastasis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the DJ-1 protein on the migration and invasion of human glioma cells, and to explore potential mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP/DJ-1 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were constructed and transfected into human glioma SWO-38 cells. The expression of DJ-1 and PTEN in SWO-38 cells were detected by Western blot. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After transfection of pEGFP/DJ-1, the expression of DJ-1 (1.28 ± 0.15 vs. 0.89 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation (0.76 ± 0.12 vs. 0.51 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) were increased, whereas the expression of PTEN (0.74 ± 0.2 vs. 1.04 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) was suppressed. After transfection of DJ-1 siRNA, both DJ-1 (0.33 ± 0.04 vs. 0.88 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) and p-FAK levels (0.33 ± 0.01 vs. 0.44 ± 0.05, P < 0.05) were decreased, but PTEN expression (1.1 ± 0.06 vs. 0.81 ± 0.12, P < 0.05) was increased. Transwell assay data showed that pEGFP/DJ-1 transfection promoted SWO-38 cell migration (57.2 ± 6.50 vs. 40.4 ± 5.0, P < 0.05) and invasion (54.6 ± 4.9 vs. 27 ± 6.7, P < 0.05), whereas DJ-1 siRNA transfection inhibited SWO-38 cells migration (54.4 ± 6.9 vs. 73.4 ± 7.6, < 0.05) and invasion (44.6 ± 5.8 vs. 69.2 ± 9.2, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Over-expression of DJ-1 promotes SWO-38 cell migration and invasion possibly through the DJ-1 and the PTEN/FAK pathway.</p>

Arsenic trioxide enhances the effects of bortezomib, dexamethasone on multiple myeloma cell line KM3 in vitro / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of bortezomib (Bor) alone or in combination with As(2)O(3) (ATO) and/or dexamethasone (DXM) on proliferation and apoptosis in KM3 human multiple myeloma cell line KM3.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>KM3 cells were cultured with different concentrations of Bor and ATO and/or DXM in combination or Bor, ATO, DXM alone for different times. Cell proliferation was assayed by MTT assay, and IC(50) was calculated. Cell morphology was observed with light and electric microscopy. The agarose gel electrophoresis was used to evaluate DNA content, and the flow cytometry was used to exam Annexin V-FITC/PI stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bor, ATO and DXM inhibited KM3 cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner with the IC(50) of 0.27, 3.10 and 8.01 micromol/L, respectively. The inhibition rate of KM3 cells by Bor plus ATO and DXM was significantly higher than Bor plus ATO or DXM \[(34.51 +/- 0.51)% vs (25.39 +/- 0.90)% and (34.51 +/- 0.51)% vs (23.80 +/- 0.78)% respectively\]. Typical morphology for apoptosis and DNA ladder were observed in KM3 cell treated with 0.25 micromol/L Bor for 48 h, by Annexin V positivity. The apoptosis rate induced by Bor plus both ATO and DXM was higher than that induced by Bor plus DXM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bor can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of KM3 cells. Bor enhances the inhibitory effect of ATO and DXM on the growth of KM3 cell. ATO enhances the apoptosis effects of Bor and DXM on KM3 cells.</p>

Combined effects of bortezomib and daunorubicin on multiple myeloma cell KM3 in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of bortezomib (Bor) and daunorubicin (DNR) or each drug alone on proliferation of human multiple myeloma cell line KM3. KM3 cells were cultured with different concentrations of Bor and DNR, Bor or DNR alone for different times. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay, and the concentration of 50% growth inhibition (IC(50)) was calculated. The results indicated that both of Bor and DNR inhibited KM3 cell proliferation in dose dependent manner. The IC(50) of both drugs were 0.27 micromol/L and 0.16 micromol/L respectively. The inhibiting rate of Bor plus DNR on KM3 cells was much higher than that of Bor (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the Bor has synergistic inhibitory effect with DNR on the growth of KM3 cell in vitro.

Candida tropicalis arthritis in a patient with acute leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Candida arthritis in patient with hematological malignancy is rare. A case of Candida tropicalis arthritis of knee occurred in a patient with acute monocytic leukemia was reported during the recovery phase of post chemotherapy myelosuppression and agranulocytosis. The patient was diagnosed as Candida tropicalis arthritis of knee according to the Candida tropicalis isolated from the synovial fluid. Itraconazole and amphotericin B were intravenously injected for therapy for 4 - 5 weeks based on the susceptibility test in vitro, which showed better efficacy. But the arthritis relapsed at 4 - 6 weeks after the drug withdrawal. The curative effect was found in patient after treatment with fluconazole injection and articular cavity douching with amphotericin B for 8 weeks. In conclusion, although Candida arthritis in patient with hematological malignancy is rare, it still occurred in the patient with hypoimmunity. The treatment emphasis showed be placed on the full dosage and full treatment course of antifungal agent.

Application of protein markers in combination with ThinPrep bronchial brush cytology in classification of lung cancer subtypes / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of application of cellular protein markers stained by immunocytochemistry in combination with ThinPrep bronchial brush cytology in classification of lung cancer subtypes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Remaining bronchial brush cytology samples from 206 lung cancer patients with positive cytological diagnosis and 45 fine needle aspiration samples of resected lung carcinomas were collected. The expressions of CK10/13, CK7, CK18, CD56 and SYN in those samples were detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC) using corresponding antibodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity and specificity of CK10/13 were 94.7% and 72.0%, respectively, in diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of CK7 were 98.6% and 61.5%, and those of CK18 were 98.6% and 37.5%, respectively, in diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of CD56 were 86.3% and 82.9%, and those of SYN were 81.6% and 93.5%, respectively, in diagnosis of small cell lung cancer. No significant difference was found in the expressions of CK10/13, CK7 and CK18 protein markers among differently differentiated lung squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas (P > 0.05). The classification rate of cytology in combination with ICC in differential diagnosis for 44 cases of unclassified lung cancer reached 90.0% for squamous cell carcinoma, 96.3% for adenocarcinoma, and 100.0% for small cell lung carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Application of cellular protein markers in combination with ThinPrep bronchial brush cytology is helpful to improve the differential diagnosis of lung cancer subtypes, and may become a supplementary diagnostic method in subclassification of lung cancer.</p>

Effects of soluble M-CSF receptor on differentiation of umbilical cord blood-derived myelomonocytic hematopoietic precursors in mesenchymal stem cell microenvironment / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of soluble M-CSF receptor (sMR) on proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors derived from umbilical cord blood in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) microenvironment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>In group of cytokine (CK) + sMR, MSCs were used as feeder cells, mononuclear cells (MNCs) from cord blood were expanded in MSC microenvironment in presence of SCF, Flt3L, TPO, IL-6 and sMR. In CK control group, no sMR was added. MNC counting and colony forming cell (CFC) culture were performed at week 1, 2, 3 and 4.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) The number of MNCs increased rapidly in both group CK and group CK + sMR (108.47 -fold and 120.67 -fold, respectively, P > 0.05). 2) CFC increased, peaked at week 3(38.1 x 10(3)) and declined rapidly at week 4(18.1 x 10(3)) in group CK, but still increased in group CK + sMR at week 4 (84 x 10(3)), the total number of CFC was higher in group CK + sMR than in group CK at week 3 and week 4 (P <0.01). 3) The erythroid CFC peaked at week 1 (5891.2 and 5635.6 for groups CK and CK + sMR, respectively), then dropped rapidly and to zero at week 3, in both group CK and group CK + sMR (P > 0. 05). 4) Myeloid CFC expanded continuously and peaked at week 3 (31.5 x 10(3)), then declined at week 4 (18.3 x 10(3)) in group CK; but still increased at week 4(80.8 x 10(3)) in group CK + sMR, being higher than that in group CK at week 3 and week 4 (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>sMR can inhibit the differentiation of cord blood hematopoietic precursors expanded in MSC microenvironment, but the inhibition exerts only on myelomonocytic but not on erythroid precursors.</p>

Study on unrelated donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with Bu-CY2 conditioning regimen for myelodysplastic syndrome / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bu-CY(2) conditioning regimen on allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with unrelated donor for myelodysplastic syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six patients received chemotherapy regimen of busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (CY) before allogeneic BMT (Bu 4 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1), -7 d - -4 d, CY 60 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1), -3 d - -2 d). Mycophenolate mofetil combined with cyclosporin A and methotrexate was used for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease after transplantation. Lipo prostaglandin E(1)was used in prophylactic regimen for hepatic veno-occlusive disease.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Neutrophil count began to be higher than 0.5 x 10(9)/Lat the 18th day after BMT. Platelet count began to be higher than 20 x 10(9)/Lat the 21st day after BMT. Disease-free survival in the six patients was 27 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bu-CY(2) conditioning regimen on allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with unrelated donor is an effective therapy for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.</p>

Evaluation of interferon-gamma producing-cells using enzyme linked immunospot assay in mice model of acute graft versus host disease / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate IFN-gamma producing-cells (IFN-gamma PCs) in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) model of mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) was applied to study IFN-gamma PCs in MHC mismatched mice spleen cell MLR and aGVHD model of mice.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>IFN-gamma PCs increased significantly in MLR after allogeneic mice spleen cell stimulation. In the experimental mice aGVHD model, IFN-gamma PCs were significantly higher in the severe aGVHD group than those in the moderate aGVHD. In the moderate aGVHD group, mice with GVHD prophylaxis regimen demonstrated significantly lower level of IFN-gamma PCs, compared with those without prophylaxis. IFN-gamma PCs were significantly correlated with the GVHD clinical scores in the group with moderate aGVHD and prophylaxis regimen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ELISPOT is a fast, sensitive and specific approach to evaluate alloresponse in allogeneic mice MLR and IFN-gamma PCs are correlated closely with the severity of aGVHD and prophylaxis regimen in the MHC-mismatched mice model.</p>