ABSTRACT
In the development of oxidative stress-relevant diseases, reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal obstacle or excess production results in the damage of the body tissues and organs. Recent studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) axis played a significant role in anti-oxidative stress. The Nrf2/HO-1 axis counteracts oxidative stress injury by its resistance to inflammation, oxidation, mitochondrial damage and calcium influx, apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy, which provides a theoretical basis for its therapeutic effect on various oxidative stress-relevant diseases in multiple organs (respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, urinary and blood systems). Therefore, effective regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal axis can be an important strategy for treatment of oxidative stress-relevant diseases.