Problems Encountered in Revaluation of the Curative Effect of Chinese Patent Medicine and Their Solutions / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Enterprise and competent department in China start to explore evaluation method and technique,as revaluation of Chinese patent medicine has been paid high attention in recent years.However,many problems of Chinese patent medicine standard itself commonly have been neglected in the revaluation of curative effect.This review comprehensively analyzed problems have to be faced in the revaluation of the curative effect of Chinese patent medicine,such as excessive broad expressions of function and indication,obscure definition of indication,identification between function and indication,correspondence of diseases and syndromes between Chinese and western medicine,feasibility of clinical trials,with the provision of general methods and solutions.

Points for Attention in the Development of Innovative Chinese Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Based on the innovation of modern science and technology and concepts,the study of innovative Chinese medicine research has not been divorced from the traditional thinking of natural medicine research,in the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine,there was basically no inheritance and lack of innovation,which made the research of new medicine of traditional Chinese medicine fall into an awkward position.We sum up our experience in 1 1th Five-Year and 12th Five-Year,combined with the upcoming 13th Five-Year of the research and development idea of component Chinese Medicine,analyzed the impact of 3 aspects on the modernization of Chinese traditional medicine and put forward the solving methods.① The scientific screening of high-level candidate prescriptions has always been the bottleneck of the development of new Chinese medicine and the basic premise of modernization of Chinese Medicine;② It is an important outlet and measure to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine to vigorously carry out the research on the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine and to formulate a scientific and rational mode of transformation of traditional Chinese medicine;③ From the point of view of the development and reform of component traditional Chinese medicine,it is necessary to follow the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and comprehensively to consider the characteristics of the components of Chinese medicine,and to lay the foundation for the screening and research and development of Chinese herbal medicines

New Chinese Medicine Methodology of One Research Path——"from Experiment to Clinical Verification" on Key Technology of Translational Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Translational medicine means that to establish a bridge between fundamental research and clinical medicine through bidirectional translation path in order to promote the translation and application from fundamental research to clinical medicine.The purpose of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) translational model is to collate and build one multidimensional TCM translational model,rationality carry out the research on TCM translation.Three paths have been confirmed,where are from literature research to clinical verification,from clinical application to clinical verification,and from experiment to clinical verification.In this research,methodology of one path mcntioned above could be established,which is the key technology of translational medicine.Take constipation,insomnia,and post-flu cough as target diseases to investigate the herbal compounds which could be qualified for clinical application based on preliminary work.This research not only provided clinical data to TCM translation,but also established one methodology of TCM translation path--"from experiment to clinical verification".

Exploitation and Utilization on Potential Function ofPoria cocos / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study took herbal medicinePoria cocosas an example to establish a method to explore the potential function of herbal medicine. And then, the new function was identified through the systematic study. It was able to improve the application range of herbal medicine and the clinical therapeutic effects. The established database management system ofPu-Ji-Fanghad been used for the searching ofPoria cocosin the treatment of different diseases in order to receive the compound prescription containedPoria cocos in different diseases. Then, indications recorded in herbalism literatures through dynasties and thePharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China(Chinese Pharmacopoeia) were compared. Through statistical analysis and logical judgment, as well as the combination of modern pharmacological research results and clinical therapeutic evaluations, the overall understanding on conventional and potential functions ofPoria cocos were received. The results showed that the functions ofPoria cocos summarized through dynasties contained alleviating thirst, eliminating phlegm, enhancing memory, astringent, relieving cough and vomiting, invigorating blood circulation, promoting appetite and securing fetus, as well as treatment of deficiency, vomiting, stroke, diabetes, cough, cold damage syndrome, convulsion and other syndrome, were not recorded in theChinese Pharmacopoeia. It was concluded that tonifying kidney, relieving cough and phlegm, relieving vomiting, alleviating thirst, expelling wind, relieving convulsion and securing fetus were the potential function ofPoria cocos, which should arouse the attention from the academic community.

Investigation and Analysis on Potential Function of Euodia rutaecarpa / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Through the investigation on functions of E.rutaecarpain ancient herbal literatures,ancient prescriptions and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition),it showed that the basic function of E.rutaecarpa recorded in herbal literatures through dynasties was similar to that of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.However,the disappearance of Euodia rutaecarpa's functions in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were dampness-eliminating,blood-activating,spleen-invigorating,phlegm-eliminating,wind-dispelling,and guiding fire to its source,which had been recorded in ancient herb literatures.ThePu-Ji-Fang database management system contained prescriptions with Euodia rutaecarpa in the treatment of asthenia,Bi syndrome,stroke,scabies,edema,phlegm,leukorrhagia,epigastric pain,menoxenia,lochiostasis,fractures,sore,aphtha,and etc,which were absent from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.In conclusion,we preliminarily confirmed that Euodia rutaecarpahad potential functions in activating blood to resolve stasis,dispelling wind and eliminating dampness,nourishing deficiency and invigorating the spleen,resolving toxins,relieving cough and eliminating phlegm,soothing liver to stop wind,as well as stopping bleeding.

Exploration and Utilization of Potential Functions of Mori Cortex / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study potential functions of Mori Cortex. Through the investigation of Mori Cortex in ancient herbal literatures, ancient prescriptions, the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, current pharmacodynamics and clinical studies, potential functions of Mori Cortex that had been lost were analyzed through comparative analysis. The results showed that the confirmed core functions of Mori Cortex recorded in ancient materia medica were in consistent with its applications in ancient prescriptions and its records in theChinese Pharmacopoeia. The functions summarized from the materia medica literatures contained potential functions such as supplementing qi, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, encouraging production of body fluids to extinguish thirst, removing phlegm, hemostasis, relieving stranguria, analgesia, expelling wind, and deworming. Mori Cortex compound prescription recorded in thePu-Ji-Fangdatabase were used in the treatment of consumptive disease, sore, typhoid, traumatic injury, stroke, diabetes, stranguria, arthralgia syndrome, phlegm, bleeding, various types of pain, parasitic diseases, poisonous insect bites, itching, and pox. All these potential functions of Mori Cortex were not included in theChinese Pharmacopoeia. It was concluded that combined with experimental researches and current clinical applications, potential functions such as supplementingqi, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, encouraging production of body fluids to extinguish thirst, removing phlegm, and relieving stranguria of Mori Cortex were confirmed.

Questions on Standard ofClassiifcation and Determination ofPhysical Constitutions in TCM / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The standard ofClassificationandDetermination of Physical Constitutions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which was issued by the China Association of TCM in 2009, has been promoted and implemented. However, we found that the criteria were inconsistent with the principles and methods of constitution classification in TCM after serious research. The features for physical constitution classification were repetitive and redundant without clear boundaries among them. Furthermore, there were poor correlations among different factors within a single physical constitution. Accordingly, it was suggested that the theory of physical constitutions in TCM should not be confused with and treated as the science of it. Because the standard ofClassiifcationandDetermination of Physical Constitutions in TCM is not mature enough, we should be cautious when applying it.

Investigation and Analysis on Potential Functions ofGentiana Macrophylla / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Through the investigation ofGentiana macrophylla in herbalism literatures, ancient prescriptions and theChinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition, we found that functions from ancient herbalism and prescriptions were in conformity with those from theChinese Pharmacopoeia. However, other functions recorded in ancient literatures such as dissipating wind, calming the liver to stop wind, clearing heat-fire, stopping bleeding, relieving cough were not included in theChinese Pharmacopoeia. With modern studies on pharmacodynamics and clinical applications, these functions were primarily conformed as the lost potential functions ofG. macrophylla.

Exploration and Utilization on Potential Function ofRehmannia Glutinosa / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to investigate the functions and indications ofRehmannia glutinosa from old herbalism documents. The database management system ofPu-Ji-Fang was used to summarize the whole function, which was compared with theChinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition. The results showed that besides the same function,R. glutinosa was also widely used in the treatment of various heat syndromes, deficiency, sore ulcer, traumatism, irregular menstruation, arthralgia, blood stasis, apoplexia, cough, restlessness, and etc. With modern studies on pharmacodynamics and clinical applications, potential functions ofR. glutinosa were primarily conformed as clearing heat-fire (clearing heat-toxin), tonifying, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, soothing nerves, calming liver to extinguish wind, and removing wind-damp syndromes.

Exploration and Utilization of the Potential Functions of Gentian / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Itis confirmed that the core part of traditional functions of gentian is consistent with the record in Pharmacopoeia by comparison the gentian function recorded in ancient literatures, prescription andPharmacopoeia. We found some functions and disease treatments by gentian were not recorded by Pharmacopoeia. These functions summarized by ancient literatures included heat-clearing and detoxifying, eliminate rickets, tranquilizing, cooling blood and hemostasis and chlordimeform. And inPuji Prescriptions database those disease treatments by gentian included sore, rickets, feeling uneasy, seizures and bleeding. By analyzing the literature and combination with the results of modern pharmacology and clinical medicine research, it is believed that the potential functions of gentian are heat-clearing and detoxifying, rickets eliminating, tranquilizing, blood cooling and hemostasis and chlordimeform.

Primary Causes of Difficulties in Application of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Since the theory of microcosmic syndrome differentiation was put forward in 1986, Chinese medicine academia has been unremittingly exploring this theory. Efforts were made to explain the syndrome in Chi-nese medicine with objective index of modern medicine, so that different syndromes of the same disease can be rec-ognized on the quantitative view and then apply syndrome differentiation with objective index. This paper compre-hensively analyzed and got the primary causes why microcosmic syndrome differentiation was difficult to apply. It in-cluded no-identical criterion, research design such as the choice of syndrome, reference syndrome, objective index and microcosmic level. Additionally, too many virtual syndromes resulting from applying syndrome differentiation on western medicine diseases existed widely. Consequently, it is extremely urgent that solve these problems and regulate the research thought.

Advantages, Disadvantages and Sticking Points of Traditional Chinese Medicine Animal Syndrome Models And Disease-syndrome Combination Models / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Studies showed that animal model of the so-called simple syndrome currently have corresponding modern medical disease without exception. Even such animal model is called simple syndrome model, its properties is a cer-tain modern medicine disease. There is no specific corresponding relationship between the syndrome-attribution and the syndrome. The signs and symptoms differentiation and abnormal physical and chemical detection indices after pathogen-modeling of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cannot be determined since there are no specific corre-sponding relationships. The study on disease-syndrome combination model contains both modern medical modeling method and TCM modeling method. This type of modeling method has its own existing shortcomings. Meanwhile, two modeling methods used in the model establishment have uncertain relationship. The disease-syndrome combination model is usually not established in the comparison among different syndromes of one disease. Therefore, it has no ex-clusive attribute. There are many problems existed in the TCM modeling method, disease-syndrome combination modeling method, and syndrome-attribute evaluation methods. The basic reasons are the wide difference between symptoms and signs for diagnosis in modern medicine disease. There are a few symptoms and signs for diagnosis in modern medicine. But there are much more symptoms and signs for syndrome differentiation of the same disease. Many symptoms for syndrome differentiation are unknown for its source of origin existed in a virtual state. It caused that many virtual syndromes abstracted by virtual symptoms, and was reflected by the relevant standards. It leads to devastating consequences for the development of animal modeling method.

Logic Problem Analysis on Determination of Syndrome-attribution in A Variety of Animal Model Establishment Methods / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Intervening animals by pathogen of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to establish animal model is the most common and easiest method to determine syndrome attribute of an animal model. However, the underlying prob-lem of this modeling method is that the concept of wind, cold and dampness in the nature are confused with the syn-drome of wind-cold-dampness summarized by abnormal appearance of clinical patients. The typical animal model establishment are through the methods of wind blowing, low temperature freezing, cold water immersion, environmen-tal humidity increasing. Modern medical modeling methods, such as chemicals, organ resections, are also used in the establishment of animal models. Then, the syndrome-attribution of modeling animal is evaluated by physicochemical indexes of modern medicine which is one of modeling methods that have been used by academia in early times. But animal model established by this method is a kind of disease model which is lack of sufficient theoretical and clini-cal evidences. Therefore, the syndrome-attribution should be reappraised among this kind of animal models.

Uncertainty of Syndrome-attribution Determination among Animal Models Based on Symptoms Differentiation and Drug Reduction / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Syndrome attribute determined by signs and symptoms of an animal model through intervening in the clini-cal and animal syndrome differentiation standards is not standardized, objective or rigorous. The signs and symptoms of people are difficult to be expressed fully and accurately in the animal body correspondingly. The signs and symptoms of animals are mostly without any syndrome information. There are no difference of signs and symptoms among differ-ent modeling methods. Hence, it is difficult to determine the syndrome-attribution of an animal model based on signs and symptoms. There are two problems in drug reduction to determine syndrome-attribution of animal models. Firstly, for drug reduction, only one group is used in the animal subject. There are no other two groups or multi-groups of drugs compared with each other to confirm the syndrome-attribution of animal models. Lots of research results indicat-ed that multiple drugs with different functions can change the state and the objective index of the same animal subject. Secondly, employing the control principle, adjusting and improving the best drug for the animal subject were used to determine the syndrome-attribute. However, these studies cannot be operated, because the preliminary studies, such as the essence of syndrome, have not provided generally recognized effect indexes and index groups.

Study on preparation method of Yueanjian for treatmen of premenstrual syndrome / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome model in rats to screen the optimal extraction method of small compound Yueanjian on the basis of pharmacodynamic and chemical indicators.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The PMS liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome model were established by the chronic restraint stress method and treatment with Yueanjian extracted by three methods: water-extraction, steam-distillation and alcohol-extraction. Behavioral performances and the contents of estradiol and progestin in serum were determined before and after the administration of the three extracts. The contents of salvianolic acid B in these three extracts were detected by HPLC. The optimal extraction method of Yueanjian was selected according to pharmacodynamic results.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of estradiol and progestin in groups treated with steam distillations and alcoholic extraction were higher than the model group. In the open field test, the group treated with steam distillations showed much higher scores than the model group. HPLC showed that the content of salvianolic acid B extracted by steam-distillation was higher than the other two extracts.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>On the basis of pharmacodynamic and chemical results, the steam-distillation was proved to be best extraction method of Yueanjian.</p>

Pharmacological effects of Astragali’potential functions / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To study potential function of relieving-pain,calming and stopping bleeding function of astragali.Methods:To observe the effect of the water decoction of high,middle and low doses astragali on physical pain(hot plate method) and chemical-induced pain(writhing method)in mice reaction;the effect on the sleep durance of mouse which was applied under valve dosage of sodium pentobarbital and impact of blood coagulation in rats.It was compared with the blank control group,as well as the positive control group.Results:Astragali decoction can increase the pain threshold in mice,reduce the number of writhing in mice,enhance the volume of the role of sleep in mice on the threshold of sodium pentobarbital hypnosis,and extend the role of sodium pentobarbital hypnosis time.At the same time can shorten the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time,and increase fibrinogen.Conclusion:Astragali had definite relieving-pain,calming and stopping bleeding function.This result was consistent with the analysis conclusions through ancient prescriptions database with astragali.

Exploration of Pathogenesis 19 of Suwen / 中华中医药杂志

Pathogenesis theory occupies an important position in TCM theoretical system. Suwen is the pioneer. Enriched by later generations,the traditional pathogenesis has been a significant change. It causes understandable bias to their initial implications and affects modern research. In this paper,based on Suwen's academic background,it discusses the composition,completeness and the basis to confirm Pathogenesis 19,offering some new ideas.

Connotative evolution of the concept of Basic Theory of TCM / 中华中医药杂志

There was severe logical contradiction among the basic concepts in Chinese medicine such as syndrome, symptoms and signs, etiopathogenisis and pathogenesis .In this paper, from the comparative reseaech of the different versions of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used in higher colleges and universities of TCM in recent 50 years,higher Colleges of Chinese medicine materials, it cleared up the evolution of the basic connotation of syndrome, symptoms and signs, pathogens and pathogenesis, and revealed fundamental reason for the occurance of logical contradiction.

Literature investigation of atractylodes macrocephala's lost and potential functional capacity / 中华中医药杂志

To compare herbalogy literature through the ages, ancient prescription literature, modern national pharmacopoeia and modern Chinese materia medica, we can confirm that the core of the traditional functions about atractylodes macrocephala have been recorded in modern national pharmacopoeia and Chinese materia medica. But atractylodes macrocephala's effects in treating anemofrigid-damp arthralgia, vomit, abdominal crymodynia, hypochondnrium or abdominal mass, chills and fever, all anemo-illness, dead muscle, gastric heat, spasm, jaundice, violent pathogenic wind, headache, five kinds of strain and seven impairments, therm-disease, epidemic pathogenic factors from mountains, knob and boss, agerasia and so on, were not included nowadays. By analysing the syndrome of the compatibility in ancient prescriptions including atractylodes macrocephala, some functions can be extracted, such as eliminating fever, calming down wind and stopping spasm, stopping cough, stopping wheez, calming the nerves, stopping bleeding, alleviating pain, promoting the production of body fluid. Whether atractylodes macrocephala has those functions need to be confirmed through empirical study and clinical research.

Study on the treatment rules of diabetes before Ming Dynasty / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To approach the potential rules ofsyndrome differentiation and medication for diabetes by ancient medical scholars.Methods:By DBMS(Data Base Management System) ofPuji Fang, the information about diabetes and its correlated disease was collected, such as kinds ofthe drugs, application times ofdrugs and the number ofprescription.The qualitative analysis and quantitive analysis were used to ascertain the optimal and common used drugs and pairs ofdrugs for diabetes, and to deduce the potential indication ofdiabetes in ancient times.Results:The most optimal drugs used for diabetes in ancient times were DwarfLilyturfTuber, trichosanthis, Ginseng and Indian Bread.The common used pairs ofdrugs were DwarfLilyturfTuber and trichosanthis, DwarfLilyturfTuber and Ginseng, trichosanthis and Golden Thread, Ginseng and Indian Bread.So we can deduce that the potential indications ofdiabetes were impairment ofbody fluid by dry and heat, and deficiency ofboth qi and yin.Conclusion:By integrated logic analysis and statistical analysis, we can reveal the ancient treatment rule ofthe disease and it provided reference for clinic today.