Processo ensino-aprendizagem do treinamento resistido: pedagogia aplicada na educação não formal / Teaching and learning process of strength training: pedagogy applied to nonformal education

OBJETIVO: Analisar se as dimensões conceitual, procedimental e atitudinal do conteúdo são ensinadas pelos instrutores de treinamento resistido (TR) MÉTODO: Para a realização do estudo, participaram 8 profissionais de Educação Física, todos instrutores de TR em 4 academias de duas cidades da microrregião de Jaboticabal/SP. Os voluntários foram avaliados em três etapas denominadas observação, simulação e entrevista. Na primeira, os voluntários foram acompanhados em sua atuação profissional em um dia normal de trabalho. Na simulação, os profissionais participaram de uma atividade prática, como em uma entrevista de emprego. Na última, os profissionais foram questionados sobre o conhecimento e a orientação de seus alunos nas dimensões do conteúdo. As informações foram organizadas por meio de análise de conteúdo e frequência de ocorrência de casos. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que os profissionais ensinam procedimentos como postura, amplitude de movimento, volume e intensidade de treinos. Em relação aos conceitos, poucas informações são ensinadas. Para o conteúdo atitudinal, apenas disciplina é ensinada. Quando comparadas as três situações analisadas, apenas para a dimensão procedimental a simulação e a entrevistas concordam com que o que foi observada na prática in loco. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a dimensão procedimental do conteúdo é trabalhada mais intensamente pelos instrutores de TR se comparada à dimensão conceitual; já a dimensão atitudinal praticamente não é abordada. Há lacunas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, principalmente nas dimensões conceitual e atitudinal, o que demonstra que é preciso mais comprometimento dos profissionais na atuação referente a essas dimensões do conteúdo.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse if the strength training instructors teach the conceptual dimensions of content, procedural dimensions of content and attitudinal dimensions of contents. METHODS: Eight physical education professionals took part in order to accomplish this study. They are strength training instructors of four fitness centers at two cities from the Jaboticabal region. The volunteers were evaluated in three stages called observation, simulation and interview. In the first stage the volunteers were followed in their professional performance in a normal day of work. In the simulation phase the professionals participated in a practical activity such as in a job interview. The last step the physical education professionals were inquired about the knowledge and orientation of their students in the dimensions of contents. The information was organized through analysis of content and frequency that it happened the cases. RESULTS: It was observed that the professionals teach procedures such as posture, range of motion, bulk and intensity of training. Regarding concepts few information is taught, highlighting the names of muscle groups. For attitudinal content only discipline is taught. When the three situations analyzed on this study only for the procedural dimension, the simulation and interviews got an agreement that were observed in practice. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the procedural dimension of the content is more taught by the strength training instructors if compared to the conceptual dimension. The attitudinal dimension is almost not addressed. There are gaps in the teaching learning process mainly in the conceptual and attitudinal dimensions which shows that it is necessary more commitment from the physical education professionals linked to these dimensions of contents.

Endocarditis infecciosa en Hospital de Talca, período 1998 - 2015 / Infective endocarditis at Hospital de Talca, 1998-2015

Resumen: Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con una alta mortalidad que se ha mantenido estable en los últimos años pese a avances en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas de los pacientes con Endocarditis Infecciosa tratados en el Hospital de Talca. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en que se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa atendidos entre 1998 y 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Talca. Resultados: Se encontraron 62 pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa con un promedio de edad de 49,7 años, 61,2% de ellos de sexo masculino, 21% de ellos con válvula protésica y 13% con antecedentes de enfermedad reumática. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y enfermedad renal crónica. El 72,5% de los pacientes se presentaron con síndrome febril y soplo asociado. Un 87,1% presentaban vegetaciones al ecocardiograma. El 67,1% de los pacientes tenía hemocultivo positivo, de los cuales el microorganismo más frecuente fue el Staphylococcus aureus (22,6%). Un 24,2 % de los pacientes requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue de un 19,3%. Conclusiones: Las características clínicas de los pacientes descritos son similares a estudios nacionales e internacionales, con una mortalidad intrahospitalaria elevada.

Abstract: Background: Infective endocarditis is a disease with high mortality that remains stable in recent years despite advances in it's diagnosis and treatment. Aim: Evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis treated at Hospital de Talca, Chile. Material and Methods: Retrospective study in which the clinical records of patients with infective endocarditis treated between 1998 and 2015 at Hospital Regional de Talca were reviewed. Results: 62 patients with infective endocarditis were identified. The median age was 49,7 years, 61,2% were males. 21% carried one or more prosthetic heart valve and 13% had previous rheumatic valve disease. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. 72,5% presented with fever and a cardiac murmur, 87,1% had vegetations in echocardiography. In 67% of patients blood cultures were positive and22,6% of them had blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus aureus. 24,2 % of patients required hearth surgery. Hospital mortality was 19,3%. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of patients included in this series were similar to those found in national and international studies, Hospital mortality was high

Características basales, manejo de terapias antitrombóticas y pronóstico de pacientes chilenos con FA no valvular. Lecciones del Registro GARFIELD AF en Chile / Features, management and prognosis of Chilean patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation: GARFIELD AF registry

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with high rates of death, ischemic stroke and systemic embolism (SE). There is scarce information about clinical characteristics and use of anti-thrombotic therapies in Chilean patients with non-valvular AF. Aim: To describe the characteristics and 1-year outcomes of patients with recently diagnosed AF recruited in Chile into the prospective global GARFIELD-AF registry. Material and Methods: Between 2011-2016, we prospectively registered information of 971 patients recruited at 15 centers, 85% of them from the public system and 15% from the private sector. Demographics, clinical characteristics and use of antithrombotic therapies were recorded for all patients. Adverse clinical outcomes were analyzed in 711 patients with 1-year follow-up. Results: The mean age was 71.5 years (66-79), 50% were men. Mean CHAD2S2 Vasc and HAS BLED scores for stroke risk were 3.3 (2.0-4.0) and 1.5 (1.0-2.0) respectively. Oral anticoagulants were prescribed in 82% of patients. Seventy percent received Vitamin K antagonists, 10% novel direct anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy and only 8% did not receive any antithrombotic therapy. Mean time in optimal therapeutic range (an international normalized ratio of 2 to 3), was achieved in only 40.7% (23.0-54.8) of patients receiving Vitamin K antagonists. One year rates of death, stroke/systemic embolism and bleeding were 4.75 (3.36-6.71), 2.40 (1.47-3.92) and 1.64% (0.91-2.97) per 100 person-years. Ischemic stroke occurred in 1.8% and hemorrhagic stroke in 0.8% of patients at 1-year of follow up. Conclusions: Although the use of vitamin K antagonists at baseline was high, the mean time in optimal therapeutic range was low. Mortality and stroke rates are higher than those reported in other contemporary registries.

Pterigium con mitomicina-C al 0, 02 por ciento: resultados y complicaciones / Pterygium with mytomicin-C to 0, 02 percent: results and complications

Objetivos: la finalidad de este trabajo es determinar la efectividad y las complicaciones asociadas al uso de mitomicina-C al 0,02 por ciento, intraoperatoria en la cirugía del pterigium. Pacientes y método: un total de 23 ojos en 23 pacientes fueron intervenidos por el mismo cirujano. Los criterios de inclusión consideraban pterigium uni o bilateral en pacientes menores de 40 años, o recidivantes en cualquier edad, que comprometían al menos 1,5 mm de la córnea desde el limbo, sin patología corneal concomitante. Como grupo control se consideraron 20 pacientes operados sin el antimitótico, con la misma técnica y por el mismo cirujano. Los pacientes fueron controlados a los 7, 30, 90 días y al año. Resultados: del total de pacientes operados con mitomicina al año, 4 pacientes de 23 presentaron recidivas (17,39 por ciento), entendidas como formaciones de 1,5 o más mm en la córnea, frente a 10 sobre 20 de los controles (50 por ciento). Las complicaciones fueron 1 caso de escleromalacia (4,35 por ciento), 5 casos de dehiscencias de sutura con formación de granuloma (21,74 por ciento), y 1 caso de quiste conjuntival tratado con reintervención a los 6 meses. Conclusiones: el uso de mitomicina al 0,02 por ciento en dosis única reduce la tasa de recidivas del pterigium con la técnica empleada, pero se asocia a una mayor incidencia de dehiscencias de sutura y granulomas

Ojo senil / The elderly eye

Se describen los cambios degenerativos y alteraciones provocadas en el ojo por la sennilidad, la cual es un fenómeno muy difícil de definir y de delimitar. La descripción se hace por separado en los distintos elementos constituivos del onjo. Se analiza las diversas patologías que afectan al globo ocular propiamente tal y a los anexos oculares, enfatizando la fisiopatología, los síntomas y tratamientos de determinadas entidades nosológicas (degeneraciones coroideoretinianas, catarata senil), destacando la importancia de la Degeneración macular senil, cuadro que es cada vez más frecuente en el mundo debido al aumento del promedio de vida, y ante el cual no es mucho lo que el médico puede pfrecer. A continuación se mencionan las evoluciones que sufren las funciones visuales en la senectud, que en general experimentan un decremento (agudeza visual, siendo cromático, visión nocturna, campo visual, etc.), para finalizar con la actitud que debe guardar el oftalmólogo para con el senescente