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Rev. Soc. Psiquiatr. Neurol. Infanc. Adolesc ; 22(1): 19-26, abr. 2011. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677201

ABSTRACT

La obesidad es actualmente el principal problema nutricional de la población chilena. Afecta a un 32 por ciento de los adolescentes y se ha asociado con: discriminación, baja autoestima, matonaje escolar, dificultades sociales, fracaso escolar y comorbilidad de salud mental (hasta un 58 por ciento, principalmente manifestaciones internalizantes). Son escasos los estudios de personalidad en población infantojuvenil con obesidad, encontrándose asociaciones con narcisismo y descontrol de impulsos. Dado que la personalidad es un determinante profundo de pensamientos y comportamiento, esperamos que el estudio de la personalidad nos entregue una mejor comprensión de la obesidad. Nuestro objetivo es describir la psicopatología y rasgos de personalidad en un grupo de adolescentes mujeres con obesidad que ingresan a tratamiento nutricional. Se realizó un estudio clínico descriptivo y transversal, de 22 pacientes de sexo femenino, entre 13 y 19 años que ingresaron a tratamiento en dos centros del Departamento Oriente de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Se aplicó a las participantes una entrevista estructurada (MINI- Kids) para evaluar diagnósticos del Eje I y un test autoaplicado para evaluar características de personalidad (MACI, validado para población adolescente chilena y utilizado en estudios previos). Los resultados derivados de la aplicación del MACI se observó que el 68,2 por ciento de las pacientes evaluadas presentó rasgos de personalidad “prominentes”, y de este grupo el rasgo más frecuentemente encontrado corresponde a “Egocéntrico”, seguido por los rasgos “Histriónico”, “Rudo” y “Conformista”. Se evaluaron además los rasgos más frecuentes que se presentaban bajo el corte mínimo, los cuales fueron: tendencia límite (10 pacientes), introversión y autopunitivo (8 pacientes) e inhibido (7 pacientes)...


Obesity is the main nutritional problem of Chilean population, being 32 percent of chilean adolescents obese. It has been associated with: discrimination, low self-esteem, bullying, social difficulties, school failure and mental health comorbidity (up to 58 percent, mainly internalizing events). There are only a few studies about personality in obese children and adolescents, and those studies have found associations with narcissism and impulsivity. Given that personality is deep determinant in thoughts and behavior, we expect that the study of personality would give us a better understanding of obesity. Our main target is to describe the psychopathology and personality traits in a group of female adolescents with obesity that entered into nutritional treatment. We conducted a descriptive clinical study of 22 female patients between 13 and 19 years old who iniciated treatment in two centers from the East Department of the University of Chile Medical School. A structured interview (MINI-Kids) was applied to the participants to evaluate Axis I diagnoses, and a self-administered test was used to evaluate personality characteristics (MACI, validated in chilean adolescents, used in previous studies). In the results from the implementation of MACI test we observed that 68.2 percent of patients showed “prominent” traits, and from this group the most frequent feature founded was “Egotistic” followed by the features “Dramatizing”, “Unruly” and “Conforming” We also evaluated the traits that were presented under the lower limit, which were: borderline tendency (10 patients), introversive and self-demeaning (8 patients) and inhibited (7 patients). In addition 77.3 percent of the patients studied met criteria for at least one Axis I diagnosis (17 adolescents), half of them with a depressive disorder and 45 percent with comorbidity. The patients studied have features in common, and this work presents a first approach from the child and adolescent mental health...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Obesity/psychology , Personality , Personality Inventory , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Adolescent Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interviews as Topic , Mental Health , Nutrition Therapy , Prevalence , Mental Disorders/diagnosis
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