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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 39(3): 161-169, 15/09/2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362437

ABSTRACT

Objectives External ventricular drainage (EVD) is extensively used in the neurosurgical practice with the purpose of monitoring the intracranial pressure and draining the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite its remarkable benefits, the technique is not devoid of risks, notably infections, which have been reported in up to 45% of the cases. Methods A retrospective analysis of the main risk factors for CSF infection in neurosurgical patients submitted to EVD at a single institution. We recorded and submitted to statistical comparison every risk factor for CSF infection present or absent in each of the 110 EVD patients enrolled, 53 males and 57 females, with an average age of 52.9 years, with different underlying neurosurgical conditions. Results Infection of the CSF occurred in 32 patients (29%). The rate of mortality related to CSF infection was of 18.7% (6 of 32). The risk factors that showed statistical significance for CSF infection in this series were: emergency surgery; length of stay at the intensive care unit (UCI); duration of the EVD; parenchymal and/or intraventricular hemorrhage; simultaneous infections; time of bladder catheterization; and the use of non-disposable adhesive drapes as part of the preparation of the wound area. Conclusions Infection of the CSF in patients submitted to EVD is multifactorial and a challenge in terms of prevention. Further studies proposing scores with blended risk factors may be useful to prevent and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with CSF infection.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Infections/complications , Central Nervous System Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects , Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/complications , Health Profile , Chi-Square Distribution , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Intracranial Hypertension/therapy
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(3): 218-222, 03/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741197

ABSTRACT

Cervical and intracranial arterial evaluation is an important issue for acute ischemic stroke (IS). Objective Compare the use of the neurovascular ultrasound examination (NVUE) to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in acute IS patients for diagnosing significant extracranial and intracranial arteriopathy. Method Nonconsecutive patients with IS or transient ischemic attack admitted within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms were evaluated retrospectively. Standardized NVUE and DSA were done in all patients within the first 120 hours of hospital admission. Results Twenty-four patients were included in the study. Compared to DSA, the NVUE demonstrated 94.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity for identifying symptomatic extracranial and/or intracranial arteriopathy. Conclusion The standardized NVUE technique demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity compared to DSA for diagnosing arterial abnormalities in acute IS patients. .


A avaliação cervical e intracraniana é uma etapa importante no AVC isquêmico (AVCi) agudo. Objetivo Comparar o uso do ultrassom neurovascular (USNV) com técnica padronizada e a angiografia digital (AD) em paciente com AVCi agudo no diagnóstico de doença arterial significativa extra e/ou intracraniana. Método Pacientes com AVCi e AIT admitidos em até 12 horas do início dos sintomas foram retrospectivamente avaliados. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a USNV e AD padronizado em até 120 horas da admissão. Resultados Vinte e quatro pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Em comparação com a AD, o USNV apresentou sensibilidade de 94,7% e especificidade de 100% para o diagnóstico de doença arterial significativa extra e/ou intracraniana. Conclusão O uso de técnica padronizada de USNV demonstrou elevada sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de doença arterial significativa extra e intracraniana quando comparado a AD. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Citrates/therapeutic use , Cystitis, Interstitial/drug therapy , Cystitis, Interstitial/urine , Potassium Citrate/therapeutic use , Cystitis, Interstitial/complications , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Pain Management , Remission Induction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology
3.
J. bras. neurocir ; 23(4): 323-327, 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-699467

ABSTRACT

Cavernomas são hamartomas que podem acometer qualquer ponto do neuro-eixo. São malformações vasculares com maior ou menor potencial de sangramento ao longo da vida, em função de determinadas variáveis. Podem ter como origem fatores genéticos, tema de diversas pesquisas recentes, embora a maioria seja esporádica. Com o avanço da tecnologia de neuroimagem atual, a incidência de diagnósticos casuais vem aumentando. Quando há repercussão clínica, geralmente se dá por hemorragia, crise convulsiva, ou por crescimento e efeito expansivo.Palavras Chave: Cavernoma; malformações vasculares cerebrais. .


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
5.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 38(1): 32-35, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716511

ABSTRACT

Immediately following surgical excision of a cerebral AVM, even normal brain tissue surrounding the lesion is subject to hemorrhage, a phenomenon termed normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB) syndrome or occlusive hyperemia. According to this theory, arteries supplying cerebral AVMs become dilated and lose their capacity to dilate or constrict to autoregulate pressure. Acutely after removal of a cerebral AVM, excessive blood pressure in these arterial feeders can cause normal brain tissue to bleed. However, this theory still remains controversial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Edema , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Hyperemia/surgery , Hyperemia/epidemiology , Hyperemia/physiopathology , Hyperemia/prevention & control , Intracranial Pressure , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/complications
6.
J. bras. neurocir ; 23(3): 217-221, 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-676798

ABSTRACT

A acrania é uma malformação congênita rara que cursa com ausência parcial ou total do crânio de fetos humanos. Está associada frequentemente com anencefalia e é, via de regra, fatal em curtíssimo prazo. Existem alguns marcadores pré-natais, sendo a ultrassonografia o exame diagnóstico padrão-ouro. Os autores revisam aspectos relacionados a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico ultrassonográfico, diagnóstico diferencial entre malformações cefálicas e manejo obstétrico da doença.


Acrania is a rare congenital malformation with partial ortotal absence of skull of human fetuses. It is often associatedwith anencephaly and is usually fatal in very short time.There are some prenatal markers and the ultrasound is thegold-standard diagnostic method. The authors review aspectsof the epidemiology, pathophysiology, ultrasound diagnosis,differential diagnosis of cephalic malformations and obstetricmanagement of the disease.


Subject(s)
Anencephaly , Nervous System Malformations
7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 26(4): 655-658, out.-dez. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618247

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O retalho de músculo grande dorsal (MGD) é uma das opções cirúrgicas mais usadas nas reconstruções mamárias. A cicatriz da área doadora no dorso, embora por vezes situada sob a alça do sutiã, frequentemente é extensa e pode ser de qualidade ruim (alargada ou hipertrófica). O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a dissecção e rotação do MGD através de duas incisões reduzidas. MÉTODO: No total, 12 pacientes do sexo feminino foram submetidas a reconstrução mamária unilateral com retalho de MGD isolado (sem pele). Dessas pacientes, 10 eram portadoras de síndrome de Poland e tiveram suas mamas reconstruídas com expansor tecidual num primeiro tempo, com posterior rotação do retalho de MGD para cobrir a prótese de silicone definitiva; e outras 2 pacientes tinham evoluído com diminuição do volume, irregularidades e retrações da mama após adenomastectomia, e tiveram sua prótese coberta pelo MGD. O procedimento cirúrgico consistiu de incisão longitudinal de 5 cm sobre a borda lateral do MGD e no sulco inframamário. Realizou-se dissecção, secção e rotação do músculo somente com a retração da pele. RESULTADOS: Em seguimento ambulatorial, a extensão da cicatriz apresentou média de 6,2 cm. O tempo cirúrgico médio para rotação do retalho e síntese da área doadora foi de 80 minutos. Não foram observadas complicações pós-operatórias nesta série. CONCLUSÕES: A incisão reduzida para dissecção do MGD nas reconstruções mamárias mostrou-se bastante factível e segura, com vantagem estética e sem aumento dos custos e do tempo cirúrgico.


BACKGROUND: The latissimus dorsi muscle flap is one of the most commonly used surgical options for breast reconstruction. The donor area scar on the back, although sometimes hidden beneath the bra strap, is often extensive and enlarged or hypertrophic. The aim of this study is to describe the dissection and rotation of the latissimus dorsi muscle using 2 reduced vertical incisions. METHODS: Twelve female patients underwent unilateral breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi muscle flap. Ten patients had Poland's syndrome, and their breast reconstruction was performed with a tissue expander at the first instance, with subsequent latissimus dorsi muscle flap rotation to cover the silicone prosthesis. Two patients experienced volume decrease, irregularities, and breast retractions after adenomastectomy; their prosthesis were also covered by a latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The surgical procedure consisted of a 5-cm longitudinal incision on the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle and another on the inframammary fold. Dissection, section, and rotation of the muscle were performed through skin retraction. RESULTS: The final extension of the scar at follow-up averaged 6.2 cm. The mean surgical time for flap rotation and synthesis of the donor area was 80 minutes. No postoperative complications were observed in any of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced incision for dissection of the latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction proved to be feasible and safe; this method provides aesthetic advantages without increasing cost or surgical time.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Mammaplasty , Breast/surgery , Poland Syndrome , Patients , Silicone Gels , Methods
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