ABSTRACT
In Brazil, more than 99% of malaria cases are reported in the Amazon, and the State of Amazonas accounts for 40% of this total. However, the accumulated experience and challenges in controlling malaria in this region in recent decades have not been reported. Throughout the first economic cycle during the rubber boom (1879 to 1912), malaria was recorded in the entire state, with the highest incidence in the villages near the Madeira River in the Southern part of the State of Amazonas. In the 1970s, during the second economic development cycle, the economy turned to the industrial sector and demanded a large labor force, resulting in a large migratory influx to the capital Manaus. Over time, a gradual increase in malaria transmission was observed in peri-urban areas. In the 1990s, the stimulation of agroforestry, particularly fish farming, led to the formation of permanent Anopheline breeding sites and increased malaria in settlements. The estimation of environmental impacts and the planning of measures to mitigate them, as seen in the construction of the Coari-Manaus gas pipeline, proved effective. Considering the changes occurred since the Amsterdam Conference in 1992, disease control has been based on early diagnosis and treatment, but the development of parasites that are resistant to major antimalarial drugs in Brazilian Amazon has posed a new challenge. Despite the decreased lethality and the gradual decrease in the number of malaria cases, disease elimination, which should be associated with government programs for economic development in the region, continues to be a challenge.
Subject(s)
Animals , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Genetic Speciation , Genetic Variation , Ruminants/classification , Ruminants/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Genetics, Population , Genome, Mitochondrial , Karyotype , Mitochondria/genetics , Phylogeny , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
The Live Birth Information System (SINASC) was implemented in 1990 for the purpose of providing information about the live-birth characteristics for the establishment of specific health indicators. This work evaluates the information quality of SINASC in relation to its data completeness and coverage for five municipalities from the State of Acre from 2005 to 2010. Lack of information (not filled out or stated as "unknown") was estimated for each variable. Coverage was estimated comparing the Civil Register office statistics in accordance with the mother's municipality of residence. An increase in incompleteness of the majority of variables was observed, and also a decrease in coverage between 2005 and 2010 in these municipalities. These findings do not tally with results from the majority of studies that use SINASC as a data source. The results of this work highlight the relevance of continuous capacity building and the incentive for accurate and complete data inclusion, as well as awareness of the importance of SINASC for public health policies.
O Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) foi implantado no ano de 1990 com o objetivo de fornecer dados sobre as características de nascidos vivos para o estabelecimento de indicadores de saúde específicos. Objetivo: O presente trabalho avalia a qualidade da informação do SINASC quanto à incompletude dos seus dados e da cobertura para cinco municípios do estado do Acre nos anos de 2005 e 2010. Métodos: Foi calculada a incompletude (definida como dados em branco/ignorado) de cada variável, assim como a cobertura desse sistema através da comparação com as estatísticas do Registro Civil, segundo município de residência da mãe. Resultados: Observou-se um aumento da incompletude da maioria das variáveis e uma diminuição da cobertura de 2005 para 2010 no conjunto dos municípios avaliados, destoando dos resultados obtidos na maioria dos estudos que utilizam o SINASC como fonte de dados. Conclusões: Os resultados deste trabalho apontam para a importância da contínua capacitação e também para o incentivo ao preenchimento dos dados de forma correta e completa, bem como a conscientização da importância do SINASC para as políticas públicas de saúde.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Antibodies, Helminth/analysis , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Echinococcus granulosus/immunology , Hepatectomy/methods , Liver/parasitology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/parasitology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery , Echinococcus granulosus/isolation & purification , Liver/pathology , Liver/surgeryABSTRACT
In Brazil, malaria remains a disease of major epidemiological importance because of the high number of cases in the Amazonian Region. Plasmodium spp infections during pregnancy are a significant public health problem with substantial risks for the pregnant woman, the foetus and the newborn child. In Brazil, the control of malaria during pregnancy is primarily achieved by prompt and effective treatment of the acute episodes. Thus, to assure rapid diagnosis and treatment for pregnant women with malaria, one of the recommended strategy for low transmission areas by World Health Organization and as part of a strategy by the Ministry of Health, the National Malaria Control Program has focused on integrative measures with woman and reproductive health. Here, we discuss the approach for the prevention and management of malaria during pregnancy in Brazil over the last 10 years (2003-2012) using morbidity data from Malaria Health Information System. Improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare and education and the consolidation of prevention programmes will be challenges in the control of malaria during pregnancy in the next decade.