Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria

Objective: To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract (RCE) (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Methods: RCE was prepared by soaking roselle calyx powder with ethyl alcohol for 24 h at room temperature. After centrifugation, the extract was lyophilized. Then, the extract was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, the pH was adjusted, and the extract was aseptically filtered. We used Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in this study. The antibacterial activity of the RCE was determined by treating the cells of these bacteria with the extract for 10 or 20 min at room temperature. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using the microdilution method, and the effect of the RCE on the ability to form biofilm was determined using a polystyrene micro plate assay. In addition, we used the WST-1 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of the RCE on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Results: The RCE had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria used in this study. In particular, most significant antibacterial activity was observed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration were 7.2 mg/mL-28.8 mg/mL and 14.4 to >57.6 mg/mL. The RCE had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC levels. In addition, the RCE had low cytotoxic effects on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells. Conclusions: Thus, our results indicate that the RCE may be used for preventing oral diseases.

Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of the roselle calyx extract (RCE) (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on the in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria.@*METHODS@#RCE was prepared by soaking roselle calyx powder with ethyl alcohol for 24 h at room temperature. After centrifugation, the extract was lyophilized. Then, the extract was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, the pH was adjusted, and the extract was aseptically filtered. We used Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in this study. The antibacterial activity of the RCE was determined by treating the cells of these bacteria with the extract for 10 or 20 min at room temperature. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined using the microdilution method, and the effect of the RCE on the ability to form biofilm was determined using a polystyrene micro plate assay. In addition, we used the WST-1 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of the RCE on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells.@*RESULTS@#The RCE had antibacterial activity against oral bacteria used in this study. In particular, most significant antibacterial activity was observed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration were 7.2 mg/mL-28.8 mg/mL and 14.4 to >57.6 mg/mL. The RCE had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at the MIC and sub-MIC levels. In addition, the RCE had low cytotoxic effects on HGF, Ca9-22 and KB cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Thus, our results indicate that the RCE may be used for preventing oral diseases.

A Study of the Shoulder Stiffness of High School Student as an Epidemiologic Research. The 1st Report / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Purpose : To study and promote the practical use of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for the young, we investigated shoulder stiffiness in high school students.<BR>Method : We surveyed 6, 251 students at twelve high schools in Kyoto, Japan about the prevalence and the characteristics of shoulder stiffness using our original questionnaire. We used chi-square test to compare the proportion of the respondents.<BR>Result : Of the subjects we inquired, 5, 846 completed the questionnaire. The overall prevalence rate of shoulder stiffness was 65.3%. The sense of “languid” was 54.9% and “heavy” was 43.9%. While 11.5% of respondents considered their condition to be in tolerable 68.0% said it was “tolerable”. The result of crosstabulation showed that women were more likely to have the symptoms than men and the prevalence rate significantly increased as the academic grade increased.<BR>Conclusion : The rate of shoulder stiffness, 65.3% was higher than we expected. And 12th grades had the most frequency of shoulder stiffness. We considered that the stresses at the graduation on to study hard to graduate are important factors of affecting from shoulder stiffness. The application of acupuncture and moxibustion may help relieve the symptoms among high school students.