Role of different ingredients of tooth pastes and mouthwashes in oral health

Many different kind of ingredients are incorporated in toothpastes and mouthwashes to keep the oral health in a perfect condition. We have different kinds of toothpastes and mouthwashes available in the market like anti-cavity, extra-whitening and toothpaste for sensitive teeth, toothpastes with stripes, clear and even liver flavored toothpaste for dogs. Modern type of toothpaste contains abrasives which help to scour off bacterial films and fluorides to harden the teeth against caries and have thickeners that stay on the toothbrush. The role of detergents is to remove the fatty films, and water softeners to make the detergents work better. The sweeteners play the role as a non-nutritive which may help stop the attraction of bacteria. Different kind of ingredients incorporate such as detergents and phosphates to prevent the awful taste. A variety of mouthwashes are available in the market according to the different oral conditions like antibacterial mouthwash, whiting mouthwash, fluoride mouthwash and bad breath mouthwash which have a strong enough flavor to hide the bad tastes of decaying bits of previous meals. Both mouthwashes and toothpastes contain active and inactive ingredients which have their own importance and will be recommended according to their different oral conditions

Variations in powder/liquid ratio of a restorative and luting glass lonomer cement in dental clinics

A survey was conducted to ascertain the variations practiced in powder/liquid [P/L] ratio of Glass lonomer Cement [GIC] used as restorative and luting material in dental clinics of Karachi. It has been observed that in the use of GIC brands, 33% [Fuji 2] and 36% [Gold Label 2] of the dentists, did not follow the recommended P/L ratios for restorative purposes. Similarly, 67% [Fuji 1] and 29% [Gold Label 1] did not follow the recommended ratios for luting purposes. The wide variations practiced in P/L mixing ratios against the recommended ratio for restorative purpose [[tilde]1:2] and that for luting purpose [[tilde]1:1 to 2:1] may affect the performance characteristics of the material