ABSTRACT
Objectives: To assess the association of raised serum liver enzyme [ALT] with type 2 diabetic subjects
Methods: This retrospective data was accessed at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology [BIDE] from January 2005 to May 2016. A total of 1966 subjects with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups; in group A 1284 subjects had ALT within the normal range [ALT >/= 35iu/l] and in Group-B 682 subjects had elevated ALT [ALT>35iu/l]. Details of demographics, anthropometric measurements and biochemical results at baseline were extracted from the health management system of BIDE. Data analysis was conducted on Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] version 20
Results: Out of 1966 type 2 diabetic subjects 1284 [65.4%] were observed with normal value of ALT [35]. Overall mean age of subjects was 54.66 +/- +/- 10.98 years and mean BMI was 27.34 +/- +/- 5.99 kg/m[2]. Significant difference was observed between the groups in age [if ALT>35], gender [more likely to be male] and triglyceride [higher if ALT>35].Whereas no significant difference was found between the groups in HbA1c, cholesterol, HDL and LDL
Conclusion: High frequency of elevated ALT suggests the association of liver disease with type 2 diabetes. The type 2 diabetic subjects need to be routinely screened and further studies to assess the possible associations with NAFLD and insulin resistance are required to further clarify the disease process
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To estimate the incidence of microvascular complications among subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital
Methods: This retrospective longitudinal follow-up study assessed the data records of type 2 diabetic subjects who visited the outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, from January 2005 to April 2016. Subjects with gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes and with history of any microvascular complication were excluded. Medical records were obtained through electronic database [Health Management System]. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 14 and SPSS version 20
Results: The incidence of microvascular complications was 92.8, 106.2, and 130.2 per 1000 person per years for retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy respectively. Retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy were significantly high among diabetic patients with duration of diabetes >10 years followed by 5-10 years. Incidence of retinopathy and nephropathy was significantly higher in patients who had HbA1c>7 percent than patients with HbA1c=7 percent [p-value<0.05]. Higher incidence rate of all three microvascular complications were seen in subjects with hypertension than subjects without hypertension
Conclusion: A high incidence of microvascular complications is found in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Poor glycaemic control, longer duration of diabetes and hypertension was found to be associated with the occurrence of these complications
ABSTRACT
The purpose of study: Physical therapy is a renowned developing profession and improves not only the functional status but also enhance the quality of life in movement disorder population. The main purpose of this study was to find out the level of awareness about physical therapy in medical professionals. A descriptive Cross sectional Survey was done with a sample of 100. A structured questionnaire was developed for data collection from hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The data was collected from July 2010 to December 2010. The response was analyzed through SPSS-17. The results show that 90% of medical community knows about physical therapy as a specialty in medical sciences, refer their patients to the physical therapist, physical therapy is beneficial for their patients, and physical therapy has an essential role in health care system. The medical community refers their patients to the physical therapy for the management of musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, and cardiopulmonary conditions more commonly. Physical therapy is an emerging specialty of medical sciences in Pakistan. Physical Therapists are not only rehabilitating patients with movement dysfunction but are also working as active team members of medical community in Pakistan