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2.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 23(2): 1-23, May-Aug. 2021. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1287709

ABSTRACT

Executive functions are cognitive skills required to perform complex, adaptive, and socially acceptable behaviors. The existence of deficits in these functions may imply behavioral problems and violence. Thus, the objective of this integrative review of the literature was to identify relationships between executive functions and school bullying. The keywords "executive functions" and "bullying" were cross-referenced in the databases: LILACS, PsycINFO, ScieELO, Scopus and Web of Science. The methodological quality of the investigations was evaluated through the Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. Among the 22 identified studies, seven met the inclusion criteria and were selected. All studies analyzed identified associations between practicing or suffering bullying with deficits in executive functions. It was concluded that the improvement of the executive functions of the students can help in the prevention or reduction of school bullying.


Funções executivas são habilidades cognitivas necessárias à realização de comportamentos complexos, adaptativos e socialmente aceitáveis. A existência de deficits nessas funções pode implicar problemas comportamentais e violência. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão integrativa da literatura foi identificar relações entre funções executivas e bullying escolar. Realizou-se o cruzamento das palavras-chave executive functions e bullying nas bases de dados: Lilacs, PsycInfo, SciELO, Scopus e Web of Science. A qualidade metodológica das investigações foi avaliada por meio do Checklistfor Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. Dentre os 22 estudos identificados, sete atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram selecionados. Todos os estudos analisados identificaram associações entre praticar ou sofrer bullying com déficits nas funções executivas. Concluiu-se que a melhoria das funções executivas dos estudantes pode auxiliar na prevenção ou redução do bullying escolar.


Las funciones ejecutivas son habilidades cognitivas necesarias para realizar comportamientos complejos, adaptativos y socialmente aceptables. La existencia de déficit en estas funciones puede implicar problemas conductuales y violencia. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión integradora de la literatura fue identificar relaciones entre funciones ejecutivas y bullying escolar. Se realizó el cruce de las palabras clave executive functions y bullying en las bases de datos: Lilacs, PsycInfo, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science. La calidad metodológica de las investigaciones fue evaluada a través del Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. Entre los 22 estudios identificados, siete atendieron a los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados. Todos los estúdios analizados identificaron asociaciones entre practicar o sufrir bullying con déficits em las funciones ejecutivas. La mejora de las funciones ejecutivas puede auxiliar en la prevención o reducción del bullying escolar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Behavior , Executive Function , Bullying , Schools , Violence , Review , Social Skills
3.
Diagnóstico (Perú) ; 60(2): 71-78, 20210630.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290619

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) es un biomaterial con alta concentración de plaquetas y factores de crecimiento que favorecen la regeneración de tejidos tras su aplicación en intervenciones quirúrgicas como la exodoncia del tercer molar. Material y métodos: El estudio se realizó con 20 pacientes con necesidad de exodoncia del tercer molar inferior bilateral. Las exodoncias se realizaron en un mismo tiempo quirúrgico y en uno de ellos, escogido aleatoriamente, se aplicó el gel de PRP y el otro tomado como grupo control. La evaluación posoperatoria se llevó acabo posterior a los tres meses; los parámetros evaluados fueron: dolor posoperatorio, curación de herida y densidad ósea mediante tomografía computarizada Cone Beam. Resultados: El dolor posoperatorio durante el tercer día, primera y segunda semana presentó menor grado en los sitios de aplicación de PRP que el grupo control (p<0,05. La densidad ósea medida por la tomografía computarizada Cone Beam evidenció ser mayor en los sitios de aplicación de PRP que el grupo control (p<0,05). Conclusión: El PRP posee efecto en la disminución del dolor posoperatorio y aceleración en la cicatrización de herida. Además evidencia mayor densidad ósea en comparación con la no aplicación del PRP.

4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(12): 1077-1087, Dec. 2020. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1155034

ABSTRACT

The central nervous system is vulnerable to complications caused by diabetes. These complications lead to increased oxidative stress in the brain, resulting in damage to the cerebral cortex, among other regions. Insulin and hypoglycemic agents are still the most widely used treatments. However, current research with an experimental model of diabetes suggests the use of antioxidants, such as melatonin. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that exogenous melatonin may decrease or prevent the effects of diabetes in the frontal cortex of the rat brain. Fifty albino rats were allocated into five groups: GC = rats without diabetes induction, GD = diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin, GDM = streptozotocin-induced and melatonin-treated diabetic rats, GDI = diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and treated with insulin, GDMI = diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and treated with melatonin and insulin simultaneously. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (60mg/kg). Insulin (5U/day) was administered subcutaneously and melatonin (10mg/kg) by drinking water; both treatments last days after. We analyzed animals' weight, the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, apoptosis, glycogen, and did morphometry and histopathology of the frontal cortex were analyzed. The results showed that the cerebral cortex of the diabetic animals presented axonal degeneration, reduced number of neurons in the cortex, reduced glycogen, increased IL-6 and TNF-α expression, high apoptotic index, and reduced animal weight and the brain. Treatment with melatonin associated or not with insulin prevented such effects. Thus, we conclude that melatonin associated with insulin may be an alternative for avoiding the impact of diabetes in the brain's frontal cortex.(AU)


O sistema nervoso central é vulnerável a complicações originadas pelo diabetes estresse oxidativo no cérebro e resultando em lesões no córtex cerebral, dentre outras regiões. A insulina e hipoglicemiantes ainda são os tratamentos mais utilizados, entretanto, pesquisas atuais com modelo experimental do diabetes sugerem a utilização de antioxidantes como, por exemplo, a melatonina. Assim, testamos a hipótese de que a melatonina exógena pode diminuir ou prevenir os efeitos do diabetes no córtex frontal do cérebro de ratos. Foram utilizados 50 ratos albinos, divididos em 5 grupos: GC = ratos sem indução ao diabetes, GD = ratos induzidos ao diabetes pela estreptozotocina, GDM = ratos induzidos ao diabetes pela estreptozotocina e tratados com melatonina, GDI = ratos induzidos ao diabetes pela estreptozotocina e tratados com insulina, GDMI = ratos induzidos ao diabetes pela estreptozotocina e tratados com melatonina e insulina simultaneamente. O diabetes foi induzido pela administração intraperitoneal de estreptozotocina (60mg/kg). A insulina (5U/dia) foi administrada por via subcutânea e a melatonina (10mg/kg) pela água de beber. Ambos tratamentos foram realizados durante 30 dias após a indução. Foram analisados o peso dos animais, do cerebro, as citocinas IL-6 e TNF-α, apoptose, glicogênio, além da morfometria e histopatologia do córtex frontal. Os resultados mostraram que o córtex cerebral dos animais diabéticos apresentou degeneração axonal, redução do número de neurônios no córtex, redução do glicogênio, aumento da expressão do IL-6 e TNF-α, elevação do índice apoptótico, além da redução do peso dos animais e do cérebro. O tratamento com melatonina associada ou não a insulina preveniu tais efeitos. Assim, concluímos que a melatonina associada ou não a insulina pode ser uma alternativa na prevenção dos efeitos do diabetes no córtex frontal do cérebro.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Immunohistochemistry , Cerebral Cortex , Melatonin , Rats/abnormalities , Apoptosis , Oxidative Stress
5.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 39(10): 789-795, Oct. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1056899

ABSTRACT

During pregnancy there are modifications in the metabolic profile of sheep that may predispose to the occurrence of metabolic disorders, of which pregnancy toxaemia (PT) is highlighted. Blood gas analysis is detects changes in acid-base and electrolyte balance effectively. The objectives of this study were to study the acid-base and electrolyte balance of sheep during gestation and in the immediate peripartum (up to 48 hours postpartum), comparing single gestation with twins. Sixty healthy sheep of Dorper breed, two to five years old were raised in a semi-intensive system and were divided in two experimental groups: Group 1: 30 ewes, with ultrasonographic diagnosis of single fetus gestation; Group 2: 30 ewes, with ultrasonographic diagnosis of twin pregnancy. The experimental moments were defined as: MI-immediately after artificial insemination (control); MG30 - 30 days of gestation; MG90 - 90 days of gestation; MG120 - 120 days of gestation; MG130 - 130 days of gestation; MG140 - 140 days of gestation; MP - lambing; MPP1 - 24h postpartum; MPP2 - 48h postpartum. At all times 1mL of blood was collected per jugular vein puncture for blood gas evaluation in a portable equipament (I-Stat®). The pH, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), ionized calcium (Ca+2), lactate, anion gap (AG) were mensured and strong ion difference (SID) were calculed. This work showed that there were changes in acid-base and electrolyte balance in pregnant ewes, due to the decrease in BE, HCO3-, TCO2 and increase of lactate and AG during gestation, but the pH remained normal and did not present any difference among moments in both groups. Comparing the groups, single-gestation ewes presented higher alkaline expenditure at delivery than twin-gestation, evidenced by lower levels of BE and HCO3-. Lower Na+ levels were observed in prepartum; drop in K+ values with advancing gestation; hyperchloremia and hypocalcemia during gestation according to the reference standards for species; decreased iCa+2 levels in the final third of gestation in both groups. It was concluded that the ewes of this study were healthy until the last moment analyzed (48h postpartum), although have shown greater consumption of the alkaline reserve in the peripartum, being more explicit in the single gestation animals. In addition, this situation can be physiological and result in increased energy demand during gestation, more exacerbated by peripartum.(AU)


Durante a gestação ocorrem modificações metabólicas nas ovelhas que podem predispor a ocorrência de transtornos metabólicos, dos quais se destaca a toxemia da prenhez (TP). A hemogasometria é um exame que detecta alterações nos equilíbrios ácido-básico e eletrolítico de forma eficaz. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estudar os equilíbrios ácido-básico e eletrolítico de ovelhas durante a gestação e no periparto imediato (até 48 horas pós-parto), comparando-se gestação única com gemelar. Foram utilizadas 60 ovelhas criadas em manejo semi-intensivo, hígidas, da raça Dorper, com dois a cinco anos de idade. Foram constituídos dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1: 30 ovelhas, com diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de gestação de feto único; Grupo 2: 30 ovelhas, com diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de gestação gemelar. Os momentos experimentais foram definidos como: MI - imediatamente após a inseminação artificial (controle); MG30 - 30 dias de gestação; MG90 - 90 dias de gestação; MG120 - 120 dias de gestação; MG130 - 130 dias de gestação; MG140 - 140 dias de gestação; MP - dia do parto; MPP1 - 24h pós-parto; MPP2 - 48h pós-parto. Em todos os momentos foi colhido 1mL de sangue por punção da veia jugular para avaliação hemogasométrica em aparelho portátil (I-Stat®). Foram analisados os parâmetros: pH, pressão de dióxido de carbono (PCO2), bicarbonato (HCO3-), excesso de bases (EB), sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), cloreto (Cl-), cálcio ionizado (iCa+2), lactato, ânion gap (AG) e diferença de íons fortes (SID). Este trabalho mostrou que houve mudanças nos equilíbrios ácido-básico e eletrolítico nas ovelhas prenhes, pela diminuição do EB, HCO3- e aumento do lactato e AG no decorrer da gestação, porém o pH se manteve dentro da normalidade e não apresentou diferença ao longo dos momentos em ambos os grupos. Comparando os grupos, as ovelhas de gestação única apresentaram maior consumo da reserva alcalina no momento do parto do que as de gestação gemelar, evidenciado menores níveis de EB e HCO3-. Foram observados níveis mais baixos de Na+ no pré-parto; queda dos valores de K+ com o avanço da gestação; hipercloremia e hipocalcemia durante a gestação segundo os padrões de referência para espécie e diminuição dos níveis de iCa+2 no terço final da gestação nas ovelhas de ambos os grupos. Concluiu-se que as ovelhas deste estudo apresentaram-se saudáveis até o último momento analisado (48h pós-parto), embora tenham mostrado maior consumo da reserva alcalina no periparto, sendo mais evidente nos animais de gestação única. Apesar disso, essa ocorrência pode ser considerada fisiológica e consequência do aumento da demanda energética durante a gestação, mais exacerbada no periparto.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Pre-Eclampsia/veterinary , Acid-Base Imbalance/veterinary , Sheep, Domestic/physiology , Blood Gas Analysis/veterinary
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 39(5): 317-323, May 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1012751

ABSTRACT

The conservation of haylage (a pre-dried feed) can be challenging, since there is an increased risk of mould growth, which can contaminate this foodstuff with mycotoxins. However, when the hygienic quality is secured, haylage enhances grass palatability and provide enough supply of dry matter throughout the year. Due to the lack of information regarding its effect on blood parameters in horses fed exclusively with this foodstuff, the aim of this study is to provide information regarding its use in comparison to hay and ensure that it does not affect horses' biochemical profile. Twelve Quarter Horse broodmares were distributed into two groups, each fed with Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) hay or haylage for a period of 28 days, and the biochemical profile was done in five different times (T0 before the experiment started and, chronologically, seven days apart - T1, T2, T3 and T4), It was analyzed total protein (TP) and its fractioning; enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl-transferase; endogenous catabolism products urea and creatinine; and ions calcium and phosphorus. Mycotoxins in haylage were also investigated and remained below the legislation thresholds. Only TP was higher in the last sampling (T4) of the haylage group, which may be related to the foodstuff's higher protein digestibility. No differences were observed between serum enzymes, urea, creatinine and Ca/P from both experimental groups. Haylage has proven to be safe, when well prepared for horses, without causing impairing side effects, as shown by the normal serum biochemistry parameters presented in this study.(AU)


A conservação do haylage (alimento pré-seco) pode ser desafiadora, considerando o aumento do risco de crescimento de fungos, com consequente produção de micotoxinas. Entretanto, quando a qualidade da higiene e armazenamento é assegurada, o haylage aumenta a palatabilidade da forragem e fornece suplemento de matéria seca suficiente ao longo do ano. Devido à falta de informação relativa aos efeitos dessa alimentação nos parâmetros sanguíneos de equinos alimentados exclusivamente com essa dieta, o objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o perfil bioquímico sanguíneo dos equinos após administração da haylage em comparação com feno. Doze matrizes Quarto de Milha foram distribuídas em dois grupos, cada um recebendo feno ou haylage de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) por um período de 28 dias. O perfil bioquímico foi realizado em cinco tempos (T) diferentes (T0, antes do início do experimento e cronologicamente, a cada sete dias após o fornecimento das dietas - T1, T2, T3 e T4) para análise de proteína total (PT) e seu perfil fracionado, das enzimas alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, γ-glutamil-transferase, dos produtos de catabolismo creatinina e ureia e, dos íons cálcio e fósforo. Micotoxinas no haylage foram investigadas e mantiveram-se abaixo dos limites determinados pela legislação brasileira. O perfil bioquímico revelou, somente, elevação da PT em T4 no grupo que recebeu haylage, o que pode estar relacionado à sua maior digestibilidade proteica. Nenhuma diferença foi observada nos outros parâmetros estudados em ambos os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que Haylage é comprovadamente seguro, quando bem preparado para equinos, sem causar efeitos na saúde geral, conforme demonstrado pelos exames bioquímicos no presente estudo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Biochemical Phenomena , Cynodon/growth & development , Horses/physiology , Animal Feed/analysis
7.
Asian Journal of Andrology ; (6): 570-576, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1009727

ABSTRACT

Autophagy is involved in spermatogenesis by regulating germ cell maturation. This catabolic process increases with hyperthermic conditions to prevent the accumulation of damaged organelles. Cryptorchidism is associated with impairment of germ cell maturation revealed by the presence of immature forms of sperm cells in ejaculates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of autophagy in sperm cells from cryptorchid patients. Semen samples of cryptorchid patients and normozoospermic controls were analyzed by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Autophagy proteins, autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9) and microtubule-associated protein, 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) were localized by immunocytochemistry on the acrosome and on the equatorial segment of sperm cells. LC3 was also detected in the midpiece of cryptorchid sperm tail. Autophagy substrate p62 protein was present in the acrosome and in the postequatorial segment of sperm in control samples, but not in the cryptorchid ones. Transmission electron microscopy revealed double-membrane-limited autophagosomes in postequatorial part of spermatozoa head and midpiece in cryptorchid samples. Partly degraded mitochondria were frequently discerned in autophagic vacuoles. In conclusion, autophagy is increased in sperm cells from patients with cryptorchid history comparatively to control. Our work provides insights into the role of autophagy in the maturation and survival of human male gametes in pathological conditions. Thus, regulating autophagy could represent a potential way to improve sperm quality in cryptorchid men.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Autophagy , Case-Control Studies , Cryptorchidism/pathology , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoa/pathology , Teratozoospermia/pathology , Testis/pathology
8.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(3): 340-344, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886955

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Childhood is a dynamic period regarding nevogenesis. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique, recommended for the evaluation of pigmented cutaneous lesions. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the structures and dermoscopic patterns of melanocytic nevi observed in children and adolescents. Methods: Dermoscopy with photographic documentation was used for nevi located on the face, trunk, and extremities of 38 patients aged from one to 16 years examined at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. Results: The study included 201 skin lesions that were diagnosed as nevi during clinic examination. Upon evaluation of the global dermoscopic pattern of the lesions, the most frequently observed nevi were reticular (39.0%), followed by homogeneous (23.9%) and globular nevi (16.4%). During evaluation of the dermoscopic structures, according to the body site, the pigment network was the most observed in the extremities. Study limitations: A limitation to be considered is that the inclusion of small or new lesions may hinder the differentiation between dots and globules. Conclusions: In our study, the most observed pattern was reticular. There was a difference in the predominance of structures dependent on the anatomical location.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Nevus, Pigmented/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/classification , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dermoscopy , Nevus, Pigmented/classification
9.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 36(12): 1181-1185, Dec. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-842024

ABSTRACT

Since the first isolation of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) in late 70's new virus types as CPV-2a and CPV-2b have been emerged and becoming prevalent in natural canine population and more recently, a third subtype was identified , CPV-2c. The main purpose of this study was to detect and characterize canine parvovirus currently present in Central-West region of São Paulo state, in Brazil. Fecal samples were collected of vaccinated and non-vaccinated dogs, clinically suspected of having CPV infection brought to the Infectious Diseases Service, Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ-UNESP. All samples (n=30) were screening for canine parvovirus through hemagglutination test and those resulting as positive (n=20) were submitted to PCR and the products were subsequently sequenced for subtype characterization. Results were tested for association with age, hematological values, viral hemagglutination titers in the feces, vaccination status and survival. Leukopenia was found in all animals, death occurred in 30% of unvaccinated dogs and in 42% of vaccinated ones. In a total of 20 positive sequenced samples, 18 were classified as CPV-2b, one as CPV-2c, and one as CPV-2a, being CPV2a and CPV2c detected in unvaccinated puppies. Compared to the reference samples amino acid change at position 426 in those circling virus was identified. The study results demonstrate the predominance of CPV-2b and the presence of CPV-2a and CPV-2c in naturally infected, vaccinated and unvaccinated dogs in in São Paulo region.(AU)


Desde o primeiro isolamento do parvovirus canino tipo 2 (CPV-2) no final dos anos 70 novos subtipos virais como CPV-2a e CPV-2b surgiram e foram se tornando prevalentes na população canina; posteriormente um terceiro subtipo foi identificado, CPV- 2-C. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi detectar e caracterizar os subtipos de parvovírus canino atualmente presente na região Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo-Brasil. Amostras de fezes foram coletadas de cães vacinados e não vacinados, atendidos no Serviço de Enfermidades Infecciosas dos Animais, Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-UNESP, com suspeita clínica parvovirose . Todas as amostras (n = 30) foram submetidas teste de hemaglutinação para parvovirus canino e as positivas (n = 20) submetidas a PCR; os produtos amplificados foram subsequentemente sequenciados para caracterização do subtipo viral. Os resultados foram associados com a idade, os valores hematológicos, os títulos de hemaglutinação viral nas fezes, estado de vacinação e sobrevivência. A leucopenia foi encontrada em todos os animais; Obito foi observado em 30% dos cães não vacinados e 42% dos vacinados. Em um total de 20 amostras positivas sequenciadas, 18 foram classificadas como CPV-2b, uma como CPV-2c, e uma como CPV-2a. CPV 2a e CPV2c foram detectados em filhotes não vacinados. Em comparação com a amostra de referência foi evidenciada uma mudança de aminoácido na posição 426 nas amostras virais circulantes. Os resultados do estudo demonstram a predominância de CPV-2b e a presença de CPV-2a e CPV-2c em cães naturalmente infectados, vacinados e não vacinados na região de São Paulo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Leukopenia/veterinary , Parvoviridae Infections/veterinary , Parvovirus, Canine/isolation & purification , Hemagglutination Tests/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
10.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 467-477, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-110497

ABSTRACT

Specific anti-venom used to treat scorpion envenomation is usually obtained from horses after hyperimmunization with crude scorpion venom. However, immunized animals often become ill because of the toxic effects of the immunogens used. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic and immunogenic activities of crude and detoxified Tityus serrulatus (Ts) venom in sheep during the production of anti-scorpionic anti-venom. Sheep were categorized into three groups: G1, control, immunized with buffer only; G2, immunized with crude Ts venom; and G3, immunized with glutaraldehyde-detoxified Ts venom. All animals were subjected to clinical exams and supplementary tests. G2 sheep showed mild clinical changes, but the other groups tolerated the immunization program well. Specific antibodies generated in animals immunized with either Ts crude venom or glutaraldehyde-detoxified Ts venom recognized the crude Ts venom in both assays. To evaluate the lethality neutralization potential of the produced sera, individual serum samples were pre-incubated with Ts crude venom, then subcutaneously injected into mice. Efficient immune protection of 56.3% and 43.8% against Ts crude venom was observed in G2 and G3, respectively. Overall, the results of this study support the use of sheep and glutaraldehyde-detoxified Ts venom for alternative production of specific anti-venom.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antibodies , Horses , Immunization Programs , Scorpion Venoms , Scorpions , Sheep , Venoms
11.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 23(87): 1-5, 20150000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1532095

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el score de sensibilidad genotípica (GSS) es una herramienta para predecir el resultado virológico del TARV. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el GSS de tres tratamientos an-tirretrovirales (TARVs) en una población de embarazadas infectadas por VIH (EIV) naïve en Buenos Aires, Argentina. Materiales y Métodos: se analizaron las pruebas de resistencia de 47 EIV naïve en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (período 2008-2011), utilizan-do el algoritmo de la Universidad de Stanford-HIVdb program (pre-valencia de resistencia primaria del 21,2 %). La eficacia predicha de cada fármaco se computó como 1,00-0,75-0,50-0,25 y 0,00 para las cinco categorías HIVdb: desde susceptible a resistencia de alto nivel. El GSS se obtuvo con la suma de las puntuaciones de los fármacos individuales incluidos (GSS = 3, significa tres medicamentos total-mente activos). Tres TARVs se compararon: zidovudina+lamivudina más nevirapina (ART1), nelfinavir (ART2) o lopinavir/ritonavir (ART3). Resultados: se obtuvo un GSS de 3 en el 80,9 % con ART1 y el 91,5 % con ART2 y ART3. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significati-va en la posibilidad de lograr un GSS de 3 entre los TARVs evaluados. Conclusiones: no hubo diferencia estadística en la probabilidad de proporcionar un régimen comple-tamente activo con un inhibidor de la proteasa o nevirapina. En nuestra opinión, un TARV con una alta barrera genética sería preferible en el contex-to de la alta prevalencia de resistencia primaria ob-servada


Background: The genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) is a tool to predict virological treatment outcome. The objective of this study is to compare the GSS of three antiretroviral treatment (ART) strategies in a population of naive pregnant women (NPW) in Buenos Aires city, Argentina. Methods: Resistance tests from 47 NPW were analyzed in the context of a sentinel resistance surveillance study in Buenos Aires city (period 2008-2011), considering the genotype interpretation system of the Stanford HIVdb program (prevalence of primary drug resistance of 21.2%). The predicted efficacy of each drug was scored either as 1.00-0.75-0.50-0.25 and 0.00 for the five HIVdb categories: from susceptible to high-level resistance. GSS was obtained with the sum of the scores for the individual drugs included in a regimen (GSS of 3 means three fully active drugs). GSS of three ARTs were compared: zidovudine+lamivudine plus either nevirapine (ART1), nelfinavir (ART2) or lopinavir/ritonavir (ART3). Results: A GSS of 3 was achieved in 80.9% with ART1 and 91.5% with both ART2 and ART3. There was no statistical difference in the possibility of achieving a GSS of 3 between the three ARTs evaluated. Conclusions: There was no statistical difference in the probability of providing a fully active regimen with either a protease inhibitor or nevirapine. In our opinion, an ART with a high genetic barrier backbone may be preferred in the context of the high prevalence of primary resistance observed


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Algorithms , Pregnancy , HIV-1 , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Sustained Virologic Response
12.
ROBRAC ; 23(68)out.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-778647

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of restorative materials. Material and Methods: Two glass ionomer cement (Ketac Molar and RelyX Luting), a composite resin (Filtek Z350) and two feldspathic ceramics (VITA VMK-95 and StarLight) were evaluated. The samples were made in accordance with the ISO normative for the four-point bending test (n = 20), diametral tensile (n = 20) and microhardness tests; Knoop hardness (KHN) for glass ionomer and composite, and Vickers hardness (VHN) for ceramics (n = 10). The samples were divided into two groups: irradiated (Ir), subjectedto cobalt-60 gamma irradiation in a similar protocol used for patients with head and neck tumor; and control group (C), samples not subjected to the irradiation protocol. Results: Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, for diametral tensile and four-point bending test, and two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey?s HSD test (?=.05), for Knoop and Vickers microhardness. Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the diametral tensile strength only for Ketac Molar (P<.001). Composite resin presented flexural strength values significantly decreased when submitted to the radiotherapy (P<.003). For all materials tested, the microhardness was not influenced by the region (top and bottom). Irradiation increased the KHN values for Ketac Molar (P<.000) and decreased for the RelyX Luting 2 (P<.002). The VHN was not influenced by the irradiation. Conclusions: Gamma irradiation therapy influenced the mechanical properties of the glass ionomers and the composite resin, although not alters any ceramic properties.


Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a influência da radiação do cobalto 60 nas propriedades mecânicas de materiais restauradores. Materiais e Métodos: Dois ionômeros de vidro (Ketac Molar e RelyX Luting), uma resina composta (Filtek Z350) e duas cerâmicas feldspáticas (VITA VMK-95 e StarLight) foram avaliadas. As amostras foram confeccionadas de acordo com as normas da ISO para os testes de flexão de quatro pontos (n=20), tração diametral (n=20) e teste de microdureza; Knoop (KHN) para o ionômero de vidro e resina composta e Vickers (VHN) para a cerâmica (n=10). As amostras foram divididas em dois grupos: irradiado (Ir), submetidas à radiação gama do cobalto com um protocolo similar ao usado para o tratamento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço; e um grupo controle (C) que não recebeu radiação. Resultados: Os dados foram analisados utilizando One Way ANOVA para tração diametral e flexão de quatro pontos ukey (?=,05), para microdureza Knoop e Vickers. A resina composta apresentou e Two Way ANOVA seguido do teste de T uma diminuição nos seus valores de resistência flexural (p<0,003). Para todos os materiais testados, a microdureza não apresentou diferença estatística quanto à região (topo ou base). A irradiação aumentou os valores de microdureza do Ketac Molar (p<0,000) e diminuiu para o RelyX Luting2 (p<0,002). A VHN não foi influenciada pela irradiação. Conclusão:Irradiação gama influenciou as propriedades mecânicas dos ionômeros de vidro e resina composta, no entanto não alterou as propriedades das cerâmicas avaliadas.

14.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 43-54, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-242414

ABSTRACT

In order to understand metabolic functions essential for methane assimilation, we investigate dribulose monophosphate pathway and adjacent pathways in gammaproteobacterial Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z by using combined approaches of RNA-seq, LC-MS, and 13C-labeled techniques. The absolute quantification of metabolome showed that the concentrations of intermediates, such as glucose-6-phosphate and 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-phosphogluconate, involved in Entner-Doudoroff (EDD) pathway were (150.95 +/- 28.75) micromol/L and below the limit of detection of mass spectrometry. In contrast, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone and phosphoenolpyruvate in Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway had significantly higher concentrations with (1 142.02 +/- 302.88) micromol/L, (1 866.76 +/- 388.55) micromol/L and (3 067.57 +/- 898.13) micromol/L, respectively. 13C-labeling experiment further indicated that the enrichment of [3-13C1]-pyruvate involved in EMP pathway was 4-6 fold higher than [1,13C1]-pyruvate in EDD pathway in a dynamic course. Moreover, gene expression profile showed that the expression levels of genes in EMP pathway (e.g. fbaA, tpiA, gap and pykA) were 2 479.2, 2 493.9, 2 274.6 and 1 846.0, respectively, but gene expressionlevels in EDD pathway (e.g. pgi, eda and edd) were only 263.8, 341.2 and 225.4, respectively. Overall our current results demonstrated that EMP pathway was the main route for methane assimilation in M. alcaliphilum 20Z. This discovery challenged our understanding of methane assimilation pathway in gammaproteobacterial methanotrophic bacteria, and further provided an important insight for efficient methane biocatalysis in the future.


Subject(s)
Glycolysis , Industrial Microbiology , Methane , Metabolism , Methylococcaceae , Metabolism , Pyruvic Acid , Metabolism
15.
Innovation ; : 148-148, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1003375

ABSTRACT

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem and chronic hepatitis B and C infections account for majority of liver cancer cases. HCC is the most common malignancy in Mongolia with high fatality rate; highlighting the unmet need for better treatments. The increasing number of clinical studies is now devoted to development of various immunotherapies. Objective: To evaluate the clinical benefit of an oral immunomodulator derived from pooled blood of hepatitis B and C virus carriers - originally indicated for treatment of chronic hepatitis as a therapeutic vaccine. Patients: Nine female and twelve male patients between ages 51-71 (median 59.2) presented with advanced, inoperable HCC characterized by elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) biomarker. As no other treatment options were available, patients consented to receive one daily tablet of vaccine. Results: After average 2.2 months of treatment 19 out of 21 (90.5%) patients experienced six-fold decrease of AFP from median 122.5 to 19.2 IU/ml (P<0.002 by Wilcoxon matched-pairs test); of these eight (42.1%) had exhibited levels (median 4.4 IU/ml) below upper limit 10 IU/ml of normal range. The decrease in AFP was correlated with tumor clearance or regression on CT scan. Two patients who did not experienced decline in AFP had died, the remaining are alive after median follow-up of 11 months (range 1-57), which is 3.7-times longer than 3 months survival in historical controls with advanced HCC (P<0.0001). None of patients experienced adverse effects. Conclusion: The results suggest that our immunotherapy holds promise as safe, effective and fast-acting intervention for HCC. Further studies are required to confirm this preliminary observation.

16.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 44(1): 79-86, jan.-mar. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644427

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar uma abordagem diferente no manejo do trauma hepático, que consiga preservar o máximo possível o parênquima do órgão, expondo apenas a área lesada à isquemia e posterior reperfusão. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa de artigos publicados nas bases de dados MedLine e pubMedno período de 1980 a 2010, sobre a abordagem dos pedículos glissonianos, e usando como palavrasde busca: fígado, cirurgia, trauma, veia porta e artéria hepática...


AIM: To investigate a different approach in liver trauma, that preserves as much liver parenchyma as possible, exposing only the injured area to ischemia and reperfusion. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: Medline and pubMed search from 1980 to 2010 about the glissonian approach , including, liver, surgery, trauma, portal vein and hepatic artery as key-words...


Subject(s)
Hepatic Artery/surgery , Liver/surgery , Liver/injuries , Portal Vein
17.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 14(6): 497-502, nov.-dez. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574782

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A diminuição da força muscular em idosos tem impacto na funcionalidade. Programas de reforço muscular são propostos, porém existem controvérsias quanto ao efeito de alongamentos prévios no ganho de força muscular. OBJETIVO: Verificar o impacto do alongamento estático no ganho de força dos músculos extensores de joelho em idosas da comunidade após programa de treinamento. MÉTODOS:Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, em que se realizou um programa de exercícios de fortalecimento muscular dos extensores de joelho durante 10 semanas, com avaliação final de 12 idosas da comunidade divididas em dois grupos: AE - exercícios com carga e alongamentos prévios em todas as sessões, média de idade de 73,8 (±5,36) anos e E - mesmos exercícios com carga do grupo acima, sem a realização de alongamentos prévios, média de idade de 72,14 (±5,43) anos. Para avaliar o ganho de força muscular dos extensores de joelho, utilizou-se o dinamômetro isocinético Biodex System 3 Pro, no modo concêntrico, na velocidade de movimento angular de 60 e 180º/segundos (s) e, para a análise, a diferença das médias da pré e da pós-intervenção da variável trabalho, normalizada pelo peso corporal. RESULTADOS: Os dados apresentaram-se normais pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk (p>0,266). Quando comparadas as médias da diferença da pré e da pós-intervenção pelo teste t para amostras independentes, não houve diferença significativa em nenhum dos membros e nas velocidades avaliadas (p>0,383). CONCLUSÃO: O alongamento estático prévio não interferiu no ganho de força muscular após um programa de fortalecimento de 10 semanas na população estudada. Artigo registrado no ISRCTN register sob o número ISRCTN62824599.


BACKGROUND: The decrease in muscle strength in older adults has an impact on functionality. Muscle strengthening programs have been proposed, however there is some controversy surrounding the effects of stretching prior to strengthening exercises on muscle strength gain. OBJECTIVE: To verify the impact of static stretching on the gain in knee-extensor strength of community-dwelling elderly women after a training program. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study that included a ten-week knee-extensor strengthening program and a final assessment of 12 community-dwelling elderly women divided into two groups: group SE - strengthening exercises with prior static stretching in all sessions, mean age 73.8 (±5.36) years; and group E - same strengthening exercises as SE without prior stretching, mean age 72.14 (±5.43) years. To measure knee-extensor strength gains, we used the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 Pro, in concentric mode at angular velocities of 60º and 180º/s, and for statistical analysis we used the difference between pre- and post-intervention means of work adjusted by body weight. RESULTS: The data showed normality in the Shapiro-Wilk test (p>0.266). When comparing the differences between the pre- and post-intervention means using the t test for independent samples, there was no significant difference in any of the limbs at the velocities evaluated (p>0.383). CONCLUSION: Previous static stretching did not interfere in muscle strength gain following a ten-week muscle strengthening program in the population studied. Article registered in the ISRCTN register under number ISRCTN62824599.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Exercise , Knee , Muscle Strength , Muscle Stretching Exercises
18.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 7(6)nov.-dez. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-533114

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A estigmatização de pacientes obesos vem aumentando nas últimas décadas, acompanhando o aumento da incidência da obesidade, com o risco de sérias repercussões, em particular na estrutura psíquica dos pacientes, especialmente durante a infância e adolescência. Diante das implicações que o estigma da obesidade impõe sobre os pacientes, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o grau de estigmatização de obesos em comparação com outros grupos igualmente discriminados, almejando que esta questão seja amplamente discutida por diferentes setores da sociedade. Espera-se que contribua para novas abordagens de acompanhamento e tratamento de pacientes obesos. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal. Dele participaram 304 crianças de ambos os sexos, estudantes da rede pública de ensino de um município da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Após examinarem sete caricaturas de jovens com aparência física diferente (normal, obeso, anoréxico, deficiente em cadeira de rodas, deficiente com muletas, deficiente amputado e queimado), solicitou-se responderem a um questionário previamente elaborado. As respostas foram apresentadas em percentuais e a ordenação preferencial dos dados correlacionada com o grau de estigmatização para cada grupo de indivíduos avaliados. RESULTADOS: Os obesos foram muito estigmatizados, porém não mais do que os queimados, o grupo mais estigmatizado sob todos os aspectos. Considerando-se as questões com conotações positivas, como “qual destes meninos você gostaria de ser?”, o magro anoréxico foi o segundo mais estigmatizado, seguido pelo obeso; o de aparência normal foi o menos estigmatizado, como esperado. Considerando-se as questões com conotações negativas, como “qual destes meninos você não gostaria de ser?”, o obeso foi o segundo mais estigmatizado e o deficiente com muletas, o menos estigmatizado de todos, seguido do indivíduo com aparência normal...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Behavior , Body Weight , Obesity/psychology , Stereotyping
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(3a): 639-642, Sept. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-523612

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of interictal compared to ictal SPECT in the lateralization of the epileptogenic focus in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients that present with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Thirty patients with TLE, for whom MRI examinations were normal or who presented with bilateral MTS, were retrospectively studied. Using a confidence interval of 95 percent and a level of significance for p-value <0.05, an estimated agreement rate of 73 percent with a minimum agreement rate of 57 percent was calculated comparing interictal and ictal SPECTs. In conclusion the interictal SPECT is only useful when associated with the ictal SPECT and does not substitute it in the localization of epileptogenic areas in patients with normal MRI or bilateral MTS.


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade do SPECT interictal, em relação ao ictal, na lateralização do foco epileptogênico, de pacientes com epilepsia refratária de lobo temporal (ELT) que apresentam ressonância magnética (RM) normal ou esclerose mesial temporal (EMT) bilateral. Foram estudados retrospectivamente 30 pacientes com ELT, nos quais os exames de RM eram normais ou apresentavam EMT bilateral. Avaliada a sensibilidade do SPECT interictal em relação ao ictal, obtivemos taxa estimada de acerto de 73 por cento com taxa mínima de acerto de 57 por cento, adotando intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento e índice de significância p<0,05. Conclui-se que o SPECT interictal é necessário apenas quando associado ao SPECT ictal, e não substitui a realização do ictal na localização da AE em pacientes com RM normal ou EMT bilateral.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Temporal Lobe , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Sclerosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Temporal Lobe/pathology , Young Adult
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 7(4): 205-210, jul.-ago. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-522644

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos: Nas últimas décadas a obesidade tornou-se um relevante problema de saúde pública. É uma doença de elevada morbiletalidade, associada à comorbidades como dislipidemias e diabetes mellitus. A cirurgia bariátrica surgiu como uma opção de tratamento, indicada em casos específicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os níveis lipídicos e glicêmicos pré e pós-cirurgia bariátrica. Método: Estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, revisando-se os prontuários de 17 pacientes submetidos à técnica mista (restritiva e parcialmente disabsortiva) de cirurgia bariátrica. Foram analisados os níveis lipídicos e glicêmicos antes e depois do procedimento cirúrgico. Dados como sexo, idade e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) foram também incluídos. Resultados: Houve redução na média de todos os parâmetros estudados (IMC, glicemia, colesterol total (CT), LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c e triglicérides (TG)). No entanto, é desejável o aumento do HDL-c. Conclusão: A cirurgia bariátrica, proporciona redução do peso e melhora de parâmetros metabólicos dos pacientes. Tem hoje o seu papel em diminuir a morbiletalidade associada à obesidade.


Background and objectives: In the last decades obesity has developed into a relevant health care problem. It is a high morbiletality disease associated to comorbidities such as dyslipidemias and diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery has emerged as an acceptable treatment, indicated in some specific cases. The purpose of this study was to compare blood lipids and sugar rates of patients before and after bariatric surgery. Method: A descriptive study, transversal type, in which 17 surgical patients submitted to mixed techniques (restrictive and partially malabsorptive) of bariatric surgery had their medical history revised. Serum lipid levels and blood glucose were evaluated before and after surgical procedure. Data such as age, gender and body mass index (BMI) where also included. Results: It was found a reduction in all parameters analysed (BMI, glycemia, TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c and TG). Nevertheless, it is expected an increase in HDL-c. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery, leading to weight reduction and improved metabolic parameters, has today its role in decreasing morbiletality associated to obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Bariatric Surgery , Blood Glucose , Lipids , Obesity
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