Comparative analysis of microsatellite variability in five macaw species (Psittaciformes, Psittacidae): application for conservation

Cross-amplification was tested and variability in microsatellite primers (designed for Neotropical parrots) compared, in five macaw species, viz., three endangered blue macaws (Cyanopsitta spixii [extinct in the wild], Anodorhynchus leari [endangered] and Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus [vulnerable]), and two unthreatened red macaws (Ara chloropterus and Ara macao). Among the primers tested, 84.6 percent successfully amplified products in C. spixii, 83.3 percent in A. leari, 76.4 percent in A. hyacinthinus, 78.6 percent in A. chloropterus and 71.4 percent in A. macao. The mean expected heterozygosity estimated for each species, and based on loci analyzed in all the five, ranged from 0.33 (A. hyacinthinus) to 0.85 (A. macao). As expected, the results revealed lower levels of genetic variability in threatened macaw species than in unthreatened. The low combined probability of genetic identity and the moderate to high potential for paternity exclusion, indicate the utility of the microsatellite loci set selected for each macaw species in kinship and population studies, thus constituting an aid in planning in-situ and ex-situ conservation.

Ocorrência de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a oxacilina em um hospital universitario no Brasil / Epidemiology of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a general hospital in Brazil

A prevalência de S. aureus reistente a oxacilina foi obtida através da análise de 243 exames bacteriológicos em um hospital universitário no Brasil. A sensibilidade aos antibióticos foi determinada através do método de Kirby-Bauer. A resistenência a oxacilina foi de 57% Centro de Tratamento Intensivo (CTI), 36% na Cirurgia, 33% na Neonatologua, 29% na Pediatria, 24% na Medicina Interna e 12% na emergência. Com estes resultados, concluímos que o S. aureus resistente a oxacilina é um importante problema atual, principalmente na CTI