ABSTRACT
Previous studies on Combretum leprosum, a tree growing in the Northeastern states of Brazil, have shown antinociceptive effects of the ethanol extract of its leaves and bark, but studies examining its constituents are rare. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the hydroalcoholic fraction (HF) of one of its constituents, the flavonoid (-) epicatechin (EPI), administered orally to mice (20-30 g) in models of chemical nociception, and the possible mechanisms involved. Different doses of HF (62.5 to 500 mg/kg) and EPI (12.5 to 50 mg/kg) were evaluated in models of abdominal writhing, glutamate, capsaicin, and formalin in animals pretreated with different antagonists: naloxone, ondansetron, yohimbine, ketanserin, pindolol, atropine, and caffeine in the abdominal writhing test. To determine the role of nitric oxide, the animals were pretreated with L-arginine (600 mg/kg, ip) in the glutamate test. The HF was effective (P < 0.05) in all protocols at different doses and EPI was effective in the abdominal writhing, capsaicin and glutamate tests (P < 0.05) at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. However, in the formalin test it was only effective in the second phase at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The antinociceptive effect of HF was inhibited when HF was associated with yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg), ketanserine (0.03 mg/kg), and L-arginine (600 mg/kg), but not with the other antagonists. HF and EPI were effective in models of chemical nociception, with the suggested participation of the adrenergic, serotonergic and nitrergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of HF.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Analgesics/pharmacology , Catechin/pharmacology , Combretum/chemistry , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Pain/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Acute Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Pain MeasurementABSTRACT
Os autores relatam a experiencia de 7 meses com o uso do cateter de subclavia como acesso vascular para hemodialise. Foram realizadas 81 sessoes em 11 pacientes, utilizando-se 15 cateteres colocados segundo tecnica de Seldinger pela via subclavicular. O tempo de permanencia variou de 3 a 44 dias (media 15,4). A recirculacao media, calculada em 3 pacientes, foi 11,2% e nao houve divergencia entre as diferencas pre e pos-dialise de ureia, creatinina e acido urico, quando comparados aos valores obtidos em 3 pacientes em dialise com dupla puncao de fistula de Cimino. Nao foram observadas complicacoes na puncao, sendo a dobra do cateter responsavel pelo baixo fluxo e coagulacao em 2 casos. Registrou-se apenas 1 episodio de infeccao com hemocultura e cultura da ponta do cateter positivas
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Renal Dialysis , Subclavian Vein , Catheterization , Creatinine , Urea , Uric AcidABSTRACT
Os autores analisam em varias linhas de pesquisas desenvolvidas no Centro de Pesquisas em Doencas Hepato-Renais, ate alcancar a fase de transplante renal humano. A tecnica do autotransplante em caes e descrita com detalhes Na preservacao renal, enfantizam o uso das substancias ricas em K e Mg, tendo o dextran 70 ou haemacell como coloide a 4oC. As alteracoes histopatologicas em 17 rins de caes autotransplantados foram analisadas, tendo sido estes animais divididos em tres grupos, segundo o tempo de preservacao. Em 42 animais divididos em tres grupos, estudamos o uso da ciclofosfamida e metilprednisolona no pre-tratamento do animal doador. As drogas eram feitas por via endovenosa 6 e 2 horas antes da nefrectomia. Finalmente, analisamos o desenvolvimento do transplante renal humano no Estado do Ceara