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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 101(3): 249-254, set. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686541

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A doença de Chagas afeta mais de 15 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Embora a transmissão vetorial tenha diminuído, a transmissão oral tornou-se relevante. Recentemente, nosso grupo publicou as características clínicas e epidemiológicas do maior surto relatado até hoje da doença de Chagas transmitida oralmente. OBJETIVO: Descrever alterações eletrocardiográficas que ocorrem na população de estudo durante o surto causado pela ingestão de suco de goiaba contaminado. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 103 casos positivos, dos quais 76 (74%) tinham <18 anos de idade (média das idades: 9,1 ± 3,1 anos) e 27 (26%) tinham >18 anos (média das idades: 46 ± 11,8 anos). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas e ECG. Caso os pacientes apresentassem palpitações ou alterações evidentes do ritmo na linha basal, o monitoramento de ECG ambulatorial seria realizado. RESULTADOS: Um total de 68 casos(66%;53 crianças e15 adultos) apresentaram anormalidades no ECG. Além disso, 69,7% (53/76) daqueles com idade < 18anos e 56% (15/27) daqueles com idade >18 anos apresentaram alguma alteração no ECG(p = ns). Anormalidades de ST-T foram observadas em 37,86% casos (39/103) e arritmias foram evidente sem 28,16% casos(29/103). Alterações de ST ocorreram em 72% daqueles com idade < 18 anos em comparação aos de > 18 anos (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo relata o maior número de casos no mesmo surto de doença de Chagas causada por contaminação oral, com ECGs relatados. As alterações no ECG que sugerem miocardite aguda e arritmias foram as anormalidades encontradas com maior frequência.


BACKGROUND: Chagas disease affects more than 15 million people worldwide. Although vector-borne transmission has decreased, oral transmission has become important. Recently, our group published the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the largest outbreak of orally transmitted Chagas disease reported till date. OBJECTIVE: To describe electrocardiographic changes occurring in the study population during the outbreak caused by ingestion of contaminated guava juice. METHODS: We evaluated 103 positive cases, of which 76 (74%) were aged <18 years (average age: 9.1 ± 3.1 years) and 27 (26%) were aged > 18 years (average age: 46 ± 11.8 years). All patients underwent clinical evaluations and ECG. If the patients had palpitations or evident alterations of rhythm at baseline, ambulatory ECG monitoring was performed. RESULTS: A total of 68 cases (66%; 53 children and 15 adults) had ECG abnormalities. Further, 69.7% (53/76) of those aged < 18 years and 56% (15/27) of those aged >18 years showed some ECG alteration (p = ns). ST-T abnormalities were observed in 37.86% cases (39/103) and arrhythmias were evident in 28.16% cases (29/103). ST alterations occurred in 72% of those aged <18 years compared with 19% of those aged >18 years (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the largest number of cases in the same outbreak of acute Chagas disease caused by oral contamination, with recorded ECGs. ECG changes suggestive of acute myocarditis and arrhythmias were the most frequent abnormalities found.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/physiopathology , Disease Outbreaks , Age Factors , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Beverages/parasitology , Chagas Disease/transmission , Electrocardiography , Food Contamination , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitology , Venezuela/epidemiology
2.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 28(4): 191-195, 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753295

ABSTRACT

Aun cuando la importancia del tratamiento adecuado y de su cumplimento para alcanzar las metas en salud están claramente demostrados, la falla de adherencia al tratamiento en general supera el 50%. Este es un problema multidimensional donde el paciente es sólo uno de los factores involucrados. Comprender los diferentes factores involucrados así como el impacto de la no adherencia no solamente en la falla de eficacia, sino en el incremento de riesgo y de costos para el sistema de salud, es clave para poder generar acciones que lleven a mejorar la. En Estados Unidos solamente, los costos incrementales relacionados con la no adherencia se calculan por encima de los 300 millardos de dólares.


Although the importance of proper treatment and its compliance to achieve health goals is clearly demonstrated, the failure in treatment adherence generally exceeds 50%. The lack of treatment adherence is a multidimensional problem where the patient is just one of the factors involved. Understanding the different factors in question and the impact of failure in treatment adherence not only in the efficiency, but the increase in risk and cost in the health system, are key for generating actions that lead to improvement. In the U.S. alone incremental costs associated with non-adherence are calculated above 300 billion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease/economics , Health Care Costs , Medication Adherence , Internal Medicine
3.
Av. cardiol ; 31(3): 265-269, 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-640671

ABSTRACT

Entre el año 2002 y el 2007, de acuerdo con los datos de la Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), el número de investigadores fuera de Estados Unidos, que forman parte de estudios clínicos creció a una tasa de 15% anual, mientras que el número de investigadores norteamericanos disminuyo 5,5%. Actualmente más de 123 países de Asia, África, Latino América y la región del mediterráneo se encuentran involucrados en diferentes convenios de colaboración. La realización de estudios clínicos en países en desarrollo otorga no solamente beneficios para el sistema de salud relacionados con el uso de nuevas terapias, adicionalmente permite la transferencia tecnológica y aumentar la experiencia de los médicos investigadores. A pesar de estos beneficios muchas discusiones éticas se han levantado recientemente por los potenciales riesgos, como por ejemplo, la falta de estructura adecuada de los comités de ética o de lineamentos por parte de las autoridades locales. Durante los últimos años, algunas publicaciones han analizado el estado de los Comité de ética independientes (CEI) en diferentes países en desarrollo. En este trabajo compararemos los resultados de estos estudios con los obtenidos en Venezuela, para lo cual analizaremos algunos puntos claves de los comités como lo son su formación y composición, así como el entrenamiento recibido y los tiempos de aprobación.


According to FDA data, between 2002 and 2007, the total number of researchers outside the United States, as part of clinical trials grew at an annual rate of 15%, while the number of American researchers decreased by 5.5%. Currently more than 123 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Mediterranean region are involved in different cooperation agreements. The clinical studies in developing countries not only provide benefits for the health system related to the use of new therapies, they also allows the transfer of technology and increasing experience of medical researchers. Despite these benefits many ethical discussions have been raised recently about potential risks, for example, no correct ethics committees structure or lack of lineaments by local authorities. In recent years, some publications have reviewed the status of the independent ethic committees in different developing countries. In this paper we will compare the results of these studies with those from Venezuela. We will address some key points regarding the committees, such as its formation and composition, as well as training and approval times.


Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethics Committees, Clinical
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