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1.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(4): 372-378, jul.-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377328

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To determine the time of oogenic development and the length of the gonotrophic cycle of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in laboratory. Materials and methods: Bloodfed females of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were dissected every 4 h to determine the development status of the follicles according to the Christophers' stages. Results: The minimum time of oocyte maturation in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was 64-82 h and 52-64 h post-feeding, respectively. We found that the gonotrophic cycle of Ae. aegypti (3.7-4.2 d) is longer than that of Ae. albopictus (3.2-3.7 d). The follicle length showed significant differences between species at Christophers' stages 2" and 5, whereas follicle amplitude was different between the two mosquitoes at stages 2", 3 and 4. Conclusions: The study provided new evidence on the reproductive strategies of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus females that coexist in the Neotropical region of Mexico.


Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar el tiempo de desarrollo oogénico y del ciclo gonotrófico de Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus en laboratorio. Material y métodos: Hembras de Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus alimentadas con sangre fueron disecadas cada cuatro horas para determinar el estado de desarrollo folicular, según los estadios de Christophers. Resultados: El tiempo mínimo de maduración del oocito en Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus fue de 64-82 h y 52-64 h post-alimentación, respectivamente. El ciclo gonotrófico de Ae. aegypti (3.7-4.2 d) fue mayor que el de Ae. albopictus (3.2-3.7 d). La longitud folicular presentó diferencias significativas entre las especies en los estadios de Christophers 2" y 5, mientras que la amplitud folicular fue diferente entre ambos mosquitos en los estadios 2", 3 y 4. Conclusiones: El estudio proporcionó nueva evidencia sobre la estrategia reproductiva de las hembras de Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus que coexisten en la región neotropical de México.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Oocytes/growth & development , Aedes/physiology , Ovarian Follicle/growth & development , Oviposition/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Species Specificity , Time Factors , Aedes/anatomy & histology , Animals, Laboratory/physiology , Mexico
2.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(4): 379-387, jul.-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377329

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To determine the species distribution, abundance, and diversity of culicids in the Yucatan Peninsula (YP); their potential distribution, using ecological niche modeling (ENM), and the risk of contact with urban and rural populations. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the YP. The diversity of species was determined with the Shannon index. The potential distribution of the culicids was determined through the ENM, as well as the risk of urban and rural populations through contact with vectors. Results: A total of 10 699 specimens, 15 genera and 52 species were registered. Campeche and the Biosphere Reserve of Calakmul exhibited the highest diversity. Conclusions: The ENM predict a high suitability in all the YP of Ae. aegypti, An. albimanus, An. pseudopuntipennis, Cx. coronator, and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The vector species that exhibited the highest risk of contact in the YP were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.


Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la distribución, abundancia y di versidad de los culícidos de la Península de Yucatán (PY), su distribución potencial utilizando modelos de nicho ecológico (MNE) y el riesgo de contacto con poblaciones urbanas y rurales. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal. La diversidad fue determinada por el índice de Shannon. La distribución potencial de los culícidos se deter minó a través de MNE, así como el riesgo de las poblaciones urbanas y rurales al contacto con los vectores. Resultados: En total, se registraron 10 699 especímenes, 15 géneros y 52 especies. Campeche y la Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul presentaron la mayor diversidad. Conclusiones: El MNE predice una alta idoneidad en toda la PY para Ae. aegypti, An. albimanus, An. pseudopuntipennis, Cx. coronador y Cx. quinque fasciatus. Las especies de vectores que presentaron el mayor riesgo de contacto en la PY fueron Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti y Ae. albopictus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Mosquito Vectors , Culicidae , Cross-Sectional Studies , Population Density , Aedes , Culex , Insect Vectors , Anopheles , Mexico
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 62(4): 447-449, jul.-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377337

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of Wolbachia infections in Aedes spp. field populations from cemeteries of Southern Mexico. Materials and methods: Six cemeteries were selected to be sampled in the central part of the Soconusco region, Chiapas. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected during the rainy season of 2015. Females were analyzed individually by PCR to determine the presence of Wolbachia. Results: A field overall prevalence of 38% was found; only Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were positive. Conclusion: Local strains of Wolbachia were detected and have the potential to be applied as a biological method for vector control.


Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de Wolbachia en poblaciones de campo de Aedes spp. en cementerios del Sur de México. Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron seis cementerios como sitios de colecta para las poblaciones silvestres de Aedes albopictus y Ae. aegypti, en la región del Soconusco, Chiapas, durante la época de lluvias 2015. Se determinó la infección por Wolbachia en hembras individuales por PCR. Resultados: Se obtuvo una infección de 38% por Wolbachia en Ae. albopictus. Conclusión: Existen cepas locales de Wolbachia en los mosquitos y poseen el potencial de aplicarse como medida de control biológico de vectores.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Aedes/microbiology , Wolbachia/isolation & purification , Cemeteries , Mosquito Vectors/microbiology , Rain , Species Specificity , Mexico
4.
Rev. colomb. nefrol. (En línea) ; 7(1): 135-142, ene.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1144381

ABSTRACT

Resumen La fístula arteriovenosa nativa (FAVn) constituye el acceso ideal en los pacientes de hemodiálisis, sin embargo, necesita un periodo de maduración desde su construcción quirúrgica; en este periodo, que suele tardar más de 8 semanas, se expone a los pacientes a un tiempo mayor con catéteres. El presente artículo describe cuatro casos de canulación temprana (<3 semanas) que se llevaron a cabo con base en la experticia del personal de enfermería y algunos criterios ecográficos.


Abstract The native arteriovenous fistula (nAVF) is the ideal access in patients in hemodialysis, however, traditionally requires a period of maturation from its surgical construction that usually takes more than 8 weeks, exposing patients to a longer time with catheters; In this article, we describe 4 cases of early cannulation (<3 weeks) based on nursing staff expertise and ultrasound criteria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Catheterization , Arteriovenous Fistula , Renal Dialysis , Colombia , Vascular Access Devices
5.
Rev. iberoam. psicol. (En línea) ; 13(1): 23-31, 2020.
Article in Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1247781

ABSTRACT

En el presente artículo se propone reflexionar acerca de la heterogeneidad de investigaciones vinculadas con los estudios del desarrollo de la comunicación. Se trata de un campo amplio y hasta difuso, en donde los límites no resultan ser muy claros. Uno de los objetivos del presente trabajo es organizar los constructos teóricos a los que han arribado los investigadores del desarrollo, a desde la génesis de la comunicación en los primeros años de vida del niño. En este sentido, el segundo objetivo es realizar una reflexión, a partir del análisis del cuerpo o "mapa" teórico construido, sobre las diferentes funciones psicológicas implicadas en el desarrollo de la comunicación preverbal, verbal y el juego como medio de exteriorización de los actos comunicativos. A través del material analizado se podría inferir que la evidencia empírica apoya que la génesis del desarrollo comunicativo se da a través de los gestos no verbales que refuerzan y construyen el desarrollo comunicativo, siendo también la base para el desarrollo del lenguaje verbal posterior. No obstante, a pesar de que los estudios sobre el desarrollo de la comunicación, respuesta social y juego durante los primeros años de vida del niño han avanzado en los últimos años, aún se verifica una escasez de estudios empíricos que propongan abordar en forma asociada el desarrollo de estos como promotor del desarrollo y lo que elicita en el infante.


In this article, we propose to reflect on the heterogeneity of research related to communication development studies. It is a wide and even diffuse field, where the limits do not turn out to be very clear. One of the objectives of this work is to define the theoretical constructs to which the development researchers have arrived, from an organization that starts from the research traditions that have given rise to the genesis of communication in the first years of infant's life. In this sense, the second objective is to make a reflection, based on the analysis of the body or theoretical "map" built on the different psychological functions involved in the development of preverbal and verbal communication analyzing the game as the main means of externalization of the acts communicative, where the child expresses internal emotional needs, emerging product of interaction and the most basic biological needs for survival. Through the analyzed material it could be inferred that the empirical evidence supports that the genesis of communicative development occurs through nonverbal gestures that reinforce and build communicative development, also being the basis for the development of subsequent verbal language. However, although studies on the development of communication, social response and play during the first years of the child's life have advanced in recent years, there is still a shortage of empirical studies that propose to address the associated development of these as a promoter of development and what elicits in the infant


Subject(s)
Humans , Communication , Language Development , Play and Playthings , Research , Life , Gestures , Language
6.
Interdisciplinaria ; 35(2): 291-305, dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019908

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de estudiar las pautas adultas de imitación y entonamiento afectivo que ocurren en las situaciones de juego social temprano entre adulto y bebé, se realizó un estudio longitudinal de caso único, con una díada adulto-bebé. La edad del bebé en la primera sesión, según la convención piagetiana [año; mes (día)], fue: 00; 3 (05) y en la última sesión: 00; 6 (28). Se filmaron 8 sesiones de interacción espontánea de la díada, en su hogar, cada 15 días. De cada sesión se seleccionaron los primeros 10 minutos de juego social temprano. Con este material se generó una video-secuencia de juego social temprano a la que se le aplicó un código observacional con categorías para las pautas de actividades de coincidencia maternas (imitación y entonamiento afectivo). Los datos obtenidos en este estudio indican que las actividades de coincidencia maternas de imitación y entonamiento afectivo aparecen en todo el período estudiado, con una frecuencia de dos eventos de coincidencia por minuto de juego social temprano. Se observó que las pautas de entonamiento afectivo materno casi duplican a las de imitación entre los 3 y 6 meses de vida del bebé. Asimismo, se registró que la mayoría de los entonamientos afectivos fueron transmodales y que la madre utilizó su voz como modalidad conductual privilegiada para establecer coincidencias comportamentales con su bebé, ya sea a través de la imitación o del entonamiento. Las imitaciones maternas más frecuentes ocurrieron como respuesta a las vocalizaciones del bebé y los entonamientos afectivos fueron provocados principalmente por los movimientos del bebé.


This paper focuses on two specific matching activities of maternal behavior in early social play: imitation and affect attunement. Imitationis a pattern of frequent interaction between adult and baby, providing a pleasant experience to both participants. In that context, imitation is not only bi-directional, but it is the adult who imitates more frequently. Affect attunement is an intuitive and fleeting interaction pattern, through which the adult attunes to the baby's affective state. It is a matching activity, where the amodal features of the infant's behavior (intensity, temporal organization, spatial pattern and / or quantity) are reflected through a different conduct. Previous research indicates that during the first 6 months of the baby's life, the adult very often uses imitation as well as affect attunement for interacting (which involves performing a different behavior than the baby's in which the adult matches the intensity, temporal pattern, spatial pattern, and / or the amount of the child's original behavior). Maternal affect attunement events have been observed from 2 months of age, and the frequency ratio between affect attunement and maternal imitation has been observed to change in ontogenetic development: between the baby's 2nd and 6th months the adult's imitative activity occurs at higher rates; while in the second half of the first year of life, the relationship is reversed. This paper presents the results of a longitudinal case study on a mother-infant dyad, about maternal imitation and affect attunement behaviors in early social play situations between the 3rd and 6th months of the baby's life. According to Piaget's convention [year; month (day)], the baby's age was 00; 3(05) in the first session, and 00; 6 (28) in the last session. Every 15 days, a total of 8 sessions of the dyad's spontaneous interaction, were filmed in their home. From each session, the first 10 minutes of early social play were selected. With this material a video-sequence of early social play was generated to which an observational code with categories for maternal matching activity patterns (imitation and affect attunement) was applied. The percentage of each category's occurrence in each evolutionary period was calculated. The data obtained in this study indicate that maternal matching activities of imitation and affect attunement appear from the beginning of the studied period. These results confirm those previously obtained in other studies that show the early emergence of adult imitation and affect attunement behavioral patterns. The data also indicate that matching activities of imitation and affect attunement appear throughout the studied period with a frequency of two events perminute of early social play. These results partially confirm those previously obtained in other studies. The new information obtained in our study concerns the frequency of both reciprocity patterns, and the type of behavior of the mother and baby involved in these matching activities. Patterns of maternal affect attunement almost double those of imitation between the baby's 3rd and 6th months. It was also reported that most affect attunements were transmodal and that the mother used her voice as a privileged way to establish a behavioral match with her baby, either through imitation or affect attunement. The most frequent maternal imitations occurred in response to the baby's vocalizations, and affect attunements were caused mainly by the baby's movements. Without detracting from the dyad's intense vocal activity already registered in the field's literature, the high frequency of affect attunements in response to infant movement highlights a trait less noticed in previous research: the adult's mastery in reading the baby's body and movement.

7.
Biosalud ; 8(1): 71-76, ene.-dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-555161

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la infección con serovares de Leptospira spp. en caninos con propietario en Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Las muestras de suero fueron tomadas de 100 caninos y fueron probadas con los serogrupos de Leptospira interrogans: Bataviae, Mini, Autumnalis, Canicola, Shermani, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Cynopteri, Australis, Celledonis, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Javanica, Manhao, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Sejroe, Tarassovi y Ballum, usando la técnica de aglutinación microscópica. La prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira contra uno o más serovares fue del 31%. Los serovares s frecuentes fueron icterohaemorrhagiae (38,7%), autumnalis (19,4%) y australis (12,9%). Se presentaron coaglutinaciones en el 6,5% de los sueros positivos. Estos resultados sugieren que los caninos evaluados son reservorios de Leptospiras sp patógenas, potenciales para leptospirosis en Buenaventura, siendo necesario implementar medidas preventivas y estudiar la epidemiología de la enfermedad en esta ciudad.


This study aimed to verify Leptospira spp. serovars infections in dogs with owner in Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Serum samples were collected from 100 dogs and tested against serogroups of Leptospira interrogans: Bataviae, Mini, Autumnalis, Canicola, Shermani, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Cynopteri, Australis, Celledonis, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Javanica, Manhao, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Sejroe, Tarassovi and Ballum, using the microscopic agglutination test. Prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies against one or more serovars was 31%. The most frequent servars were icterohaemorrhagiae (38.7%), autumnalis (19.4%) and australis (12.9%). Co-agluttinations were presented in 6.5% sera samples. These results suggested that dogs are potential reservoirs of pathogen Leptospiras sp, potential of leptospirosis in Buenaventura and underscored the need to implement preventive measures and study the epidemiology of this disease in this city.


Subject(s)
Infections , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies
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