ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To know the influence of the environment (family functionality, social support and neighbourhood and school environment) on the development of adolescent resilience. Methods: Descriptive, correlational design. A total of 184 adolescents from six schools in the Aranjuez district of Medellín participated. Probabilistic, two-stage sampling. Five scales were used to collect data: 1) The child and youth resilience measurement scale; 2) The neighbourhood environment questionnaire; 3) The family cohesion and adaptability assessment scale; 4) The multidimensional scale of perceived social support; and 5) The school environment questionnaire. Data were analysed though SPSS 24v software. Results: a relationship was found between resilience and neighbourhood environment (rs= .324, p = .000), family functionality (rs= .380, p = .000), social support (rs= .456, p = .000) and school environment (rs= .353, p = .000). In addition, resilience was explained in 35.8 % by the neighbourhood environment (β= .20; p = .012), family functionality (β = .13; p = .090), social support (β= .30; p = .000) and school environment (β = .15; p = .064). Conclusion: Adolescent resilient behaviour is influenced by social support, family functioning, and school and neighbourhood environment, all external factors fostering self-regulation, as mentioned by Roy's Nursing model.
RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la influencia del ambiente (funcionalidad familiar, apoyo social y ambiente barrial y escolar) en el desarrollo de la resiliencia de los adolescentes. Métodos: diseño descriptivo, correlacional. Participaron 184 adolescentes de seis colegios de la comuna Aranjuez de Medellín. Muestreo probabilístico, bietápico. Para recolectar los datos, se aplicaron cinco escalas: 1) la escala child and youth resilience measure; 2) el cuestionario de ambiente barrial; 3) la escala de evaluación de cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar; 4) la escala multidimensional de apoyo social percibido; y 5) el cuestionario de ambiente escolar. Los datos se procesaron con el software SPSS 24v. Resultados: se encontró una relación entre la resiliencia y el ambiente barrial (rs = .324, p = .000), funcionalidad familiar (rs = .380, p = .000), apoyo social (rs = .456, p = .000) y ambiente escolar (rs = .353, p = .000). Además, la resiliencia fue explicada en un 35,8 % por el ambiente barrial (β=.20; p =.012), la funcionalidad familiar (β=.13; p =.090), el apoyo social (β=.30; p =.000) y el ambiente escolar (β=.15; p = .064). Conclusión: la conducta resiliente de los adolescentes es influenciada por el apoyo social, la funcionalidad familiar y el ambiente escolar y barrial, factores externos que favorecen la autorregulación, como lo menciona Roy en su modelo de enfermería.
RESUMO Objetivo: availar a influência do ambiente (funcionalidade familiar, apoio social e ambiente de bairro e escolar) no desenvolvimento da resiliência dos adolescentes. Métodos: desenho descritivo, correlacional. Participaram 184 adolescentes de seis colégios da comunidade Aranjuez, Medellín, Colômbia. Amostragem probabilística, bietápica. Para coletar os dados, foram aplicados cinco instrumentos: 1) a escala child and youth resilience measure; 2) o questionário de ambiente de bairro; 3) a escala de avaliação de coesão e adaptabilidade familiar; 4) a escala multidimensional de apoio social percebido; 5) o questionário de ambiente escolar. Os dados foram processados com o software SPSS 24v. Resultados: verificou-se relação entre a resiliência e o ambiente de bairro (rs = .324, p = .000), funcionalidade familiar (rs = .380, p = .000), apoio social (rs = .456, p = .000) e ambiente escolar (rs = .353, p = .000). Além disso, a resiliência foi explicada em 35,8 % pelo contexto de bairro (β =.20; p =.012), pela funcionalidade familiar (β =.13; p =.090), pelo apoio social (β =.30; p =.000) e pelo ambiente escolar (β =.15; p = .064). Conclusões: o comportamento resiliente dos adolescentes é influenciado pelo apoio social, pela funcionalidade familiar e pelo ambiente escolar e de bairro, fatores externos que favorecem a autorregulação, como mencionado por Roy no seu modelo de enfermagem.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Social Environment , Resilience, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , AdolescentABSTRACT
Resumen La prevalencia de la obesidad infantil ha aumentado alarmantemente a nivel mundial. En lactantes, la etiología es multicausal, destacando la ingesta como un determinante clave para el aumento de peso. El comportamiento alimentano del lactante y que algunas madres perciban pobremente las señales de hambre y saciedad de su hijo, dificultan la autorregulación de la conducta de apetito-saciedad y puede favorecer el desarrollo de la obesidad. Sin embargo, las investigaciones aún son limitadas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar cómo percibe la madre la conducta de alimentación de su hijo y cómo se relaciona con el estado nutricio" del lactante menor de seis meses de edad. El diseño fue descriptivo correlacionai, se estudiaron 40 diadas (madre-hijo menor de seis meses de edad) que asistieron al programa Control de Nino Sano de una institución de salud pública. Se exploraron las características sociodemográficas de la diada y mediciones antropométricas de peso y talla. Se utilizó el Baby Eating Behavior Questionnarie para medir a través de cuatro subescalas la. conducta alimentaria del lactante. La media de edad de los lactantes fue de 4.03 meses (DE = 1.16). El 37.5 % presentaron sobrepeso y el 62.5 % eran varones. La conducta alimentaría más percibida por la madre fue "disfrute de alimentos" ( x -= 4.85; DE = 0.34), la conducta menos percibida fue respuesta de saciedad" ( x -= 2.06; DE = 0.83). La conducta de "mi bebé tiene un gran apetito" se correlacionó con el IMC del lactante (rs = 0.299, p < 0.05). Las madres fueron más sensibles para percibir las señales de hambre de su hijo, no así con las señales de saciedad, lo cual pűede favorecer el aumento de peso rápido en el lactante y por ende el desarrollo de la obesidad a edad temprana.
Abstract The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased alarmingly worldwide. In infants, the etiology is multi-causal, highlighting the intake as a determinant for weight gain. The alimentary behavior of the infant and the poor perception of hunger and satiety signals of their children perceived by some mothers difficult the self-regulation of the appetite-satiety behavior and may favor the development of obesity. However, research is still limited. The objective of this study was to identify how the mother peceives the eating behavior of her child and how it relates to the nutritional status of the infant. The design was descriptive correlational. 40 dyads were studied (mother-son under the age of 6 months) who attended the Healthy Child Control program of a public health institution. The sociodemographic characteristics of the dyad and anthropometric measurements of height and weight were explored. The Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire was used to measure the feeding behavior of the infant through four scales. The mean age of the infants was 4.03 months. (DE = 1.16). The 37.5 % were overweight and the 62.5 % were males. The mother's most often perceived feeding behavior was "enjoyment of food" ( x - = 4.85; DE = 0.34) and the least frequently perceived was "safety responsiveness"( x -= 2.06; DE = 0.83). The "My baby has a good appetite" perception was correlated" to the BMI of the infant (rs = 0.299, p < 0.05). Mothers were more sensitiive to perceive their child s hunger signals, but not with satiety signals, which may favor the rapid weight gain in infants and thus the obesity development at early age.