Prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among adolescents: a systematic review / Prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal entre adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 10-19 years and stratify the analysis by sex. Data source: A literature review of cross-sectional studies among healthy adolescents was performed. The U.S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®) databases were searched between May 2019 and January 2020. Data synthesis: Initially, 3,700 records were identified, and 10 papers were obtained through other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1,732 records were screened based on the titles and abstracts, and 126 were preselected for full-text analysis. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 34 papers were included in the present review. The studies were published between 1997 and 2020. The sample size ranged from <150 to >103,000 adolescents. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction ranged from 18.0 to 56.6% in both sexes (10.8-82.5% among boys and 19.2-83.8% among girls). Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present systematic review, the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction is high among adolescents, especially girls. Such information can contribute to the planning of health and education programs addressing the issue of weight in adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as prevalências de insatisfação com o peso corporal em adolescentes de dez a 19 anos, segundo o sexo. Fontes de dados: Foram selecionados estudos transversais que descreviam as prevalências de insatisfação com o peso em adolescentes saudáveis, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Não foram estabelecidos limites para o ano de publicação ou país. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados US National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Ovid® (Wolters Kluwer), The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e American Psychological Association (PsycINFO®), entre maio de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Síntese dos dados: Inicialmente identificaram-se 3.700 registros e dez estudos em outras fontes de dados. Após a remoção dos estudos duplicados, foram rastreados 1.732 registros para a leitura de títulos e resumos, dos quais 126 artigos foram selecionados para avaliação do texto completo. Por fim, foi incluído nesta pesquisa o total de 34 artigos. Os estudos foram publicados entre 1997 e 2020. Os tamanhos amostrais variaram de <150 a >103.000 adolescentes. As prevalências de insatisfação com o peso variaram de 18,0 a 56,6% em ambos os sexos (10,8 a 82,5% no sexo masculino e 19,2 a 83,8% no feminino). Conclusões: Esta revisão identificou elevada prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal em adolescentes, superior em meninas. Tais informações podem contribuir para o planejamento de programas de saúde e educação direcionados à questão do peso em adolescentes.

Insatisfação com o peso corporal e estado nutricional de adolescentes: estudo de base populacional no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil / Dissatisfaction with body weight and nutritional status among adolescents: population-based study in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar as prevalências do estado nutricional e da insatisfação com o peso, em adolescentes de 10-19 anos. Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra em dois estágios, realizado em Campinas, SP. O estado nutricional foi classificado pelos percentis de IMC para idade, da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A insatisfação com o peso foi obtida pelo relato dos que gostariam de ganhar ou perder peso. Calcularam-se as prevalências e os intervalos de confiança de 95% do estado nutricional e da (in)satisfação com o peso. As associações com as variáveis sociodemográficas foram verificadas pelo teste de χ2 de Rao Scott. Analisaram-se 822 adolescentes com idade média de 14,1 anos. Foram classificados com eutrofia 64,7% dos meninos e 75,4% das meninas e com excesso de peso 30,5% e 22,2%, respectivamente. Comparados aos meninos satisfeitos, 34,5% dos insatisfeitos eram eutróficos, 45,3% tinham sobrepeso e 77,1% obesidade. Comparadas às meninas satisfeitas, as insatisfeitas tinham 52,0% de eutrofia, 63,6% de sobrepeso e 75,2% de obesidade. Observaram-se elevadas prevalências de excesso de peso, principalmente nos meninos e nos mais jovens (10-14 anos), e maiores prevalências de insatisfação com o peso nas meninas e nos adolescentes de 15-19 anos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate nutritional status and estimate the prevalence of weight dissatisfaction among adolescents 10 to 19 years. Population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two-stage in Campinas, Brazil. Nutritional status was classified based on percentiles of body mass index for age recommended by the World Health Organization. Weight dissatisfaction was determined by desire to gain or lose weight. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for nutritional status and weight (dis)satisfaction. The Rao-Scale chi-squared test was used for the determination of associations with sociodemographic variables. 822 adolescents were analyzed with mean age of 14.1 years. 64.7% of the boys and 75.4% of the girls were classified as normal weight, whereas 30.5% and 22.2% with excess weight, respectively. Among the boys dissatisfied with their weight, 34.5% were normal weight, 45.3% were classified as overweight and 77.1% with obesity. Whereas the girls dissatisfied with their weight, 52.0% were classified as normal weight, 63.6% as overweight and 75.2% with obesity. The prevalence of excess weight was high, especially among the boys and younger adolescents (10-14 years). Weight dissatisfaction was more prevalent among the girls and older adolescents (15-19 years).

The effects of an after-school intervention program on physical activity level, sedentary time, and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

Abstract Aim: To ascertain the effects of an after-school intervention on physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents from Campinas, Brazil. Methods: This was an intervention study with 71 adolescents that was carried out in two schools, randomly assigned to a control group (CG:n=45) or an intervention group (IG:n=26). We performed evaluations of body composition, sexual maturation, blood pressure, level of physical activity, sedentary time (ST), and eating habits, as well as biochemical variables by a portable analyzer. The IG participated in two weekly sessions of physical activities and controlled physical exercises for 14 weeks. The sessions lasted 60', and were divided into warm-up (5-10'), main part (40-50'), and recovery (5-10'). Results: 30.8% of the IG and 24.4% of the CG were classified as overweight/obese. Additionally, the IG showed significantly lower ST (total: p=0.037; daily: p=0.009) after the intervention, as well as in the post-period (total ST: p=0.043; daily ST: p=0.007). The IG showed a reduction in glycemia (p=0.025). Conclusion: The intervention program generated positive changes in glycemia levels and ST. These results suggest that interventions involving physical exercise should be promoted in the school environment, as physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle.

Are normal-weight adolescents satisfied with their weight? / Adolescentes eutróficos estão satisfeitos com o seu peso?

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The high prevalence of obesity has led to public policies for combating it. People with normal weight may gain greater awareness of this issue and change their perceptions of their weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among normal-weight adolescents, according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, health-related behavior and morbidities. DESIGN AND SETTING: Population-based cross-sectional study that used data from a health survey conducted in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, in 2008-2009. METHODS: The prevalence and prevalence ratios of weight dissatisfaction were estimated according to independent variables, by means of simple and multiple Poisson regression. RESULTS: 573 normal-weight adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (mean age 14.7 years) were analyzed. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction was 43.7% (95% confidence interval, CI: 37.8-49.8). Higher prevalences of weight dissatisfaction were observed among females, individuals aged 15 to 19 years, those whose households had eight or more domestic appliances, former smokers, individuals who reported alcohol intake and those who had one or more chronic diseases. Lower prevalence of dissatisfaction was observed among adolescents living in substandard housing. Among the normal-weight adolescents, 26.1% wished to lose weight and 17.6% wished to gain weight. CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that even when weight is seen to be within the normal range, a high proportion of adolescents express dissatisfaction with their weight, especially females, older adolescents and those of higher socioeconomic level.

RESUMO: CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Com a alta prevalência da obesidade levando a políticas públicas para o seu enfrentamento, pessoas com o peso adequado podem se sensibilizar e alterar sua percepção sobre o seu peso. Objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência de insatisfação com o peso corporal em adolescentes eutróficos, segundo variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e morbidades. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal de base populacional que utilizou dados do Inquérito de Saúde realizado em Campinas (SP), em 2008/2009. MÉTODOS: Foram estimadas as prevalências e as razões de prevalência de insatisfação com o peso segundo as variáveis independentes, por meio de regressão simples e múltipla de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Analisaram-se 573 adolescentes eutróficos de 10 a 19 anos, com idade média de 14,7 anos. A insatisfação com o peso atingiu prevalência de 43,7% (intervalo de confiança de 95%, IC: 37,8-49,8). Maiores prevalências de insatisfação com o peso foram verificadas no sexo feminino, nos adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos, que possuíam oito ou mais equipamentos na residência, nos ex-fumantes, nos que relataram ingerir bebida alcoólica e nos que apresentavam uma ou mais doenças crônicas. Menor prevalência de insatisfação foi observada nos adolescentes que residiam em moradias com condições inadequadas. Dos adolescentes eutróficos, 26,1% queriam perder peso e 17,6% desejavam ganhar. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados apontam que, mesmo apresentando o peso dentro da faixa de normalidade, elevada proporção de adolescentes manifesta-se insatisfeita com o seu peso, em especial os indivíduos de sexo feminino, os mais velhos e os de melhor nível socioeconômico.