Isotemporal substitution of sleep or sedentary behavior with physical activity in the context of frailty among older adults: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Frailty syndrome is associated with various physical, cognitive, social, economic, and environmental factors. Although frailty syndrome occurs progressively with age, prevention and treatment are possible. Reducing or eliminating risks and increasing protective factors may be potential strategies for reducing the prevalence of injuries related to frailty. One of the most effective actions is to decrease the time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) by increasing regular physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothetical effect of substitution of the time spent in sleep or SB with an equivalent time spent performing moderate or vigorous PA on frailty syndrome in the older population. DESIGN AND SETTING: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted using exploratory methods of survey, carried out in Alcobaça city, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 456 older adults of both sexes, aged ≥ 60 years, participated in this study. Frailty syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. PA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The effects of time substitution on these behaviors were verified using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The replacement of 60 min/day of SB (prevalence ratio, PR = 0.52; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.28-0.96) or sleep (PR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27-0.98) with 60 min/day of moderate PA (MPA) was associated with a 48% reduction in the prevalence of frailty syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing the time spent sitting or sleeping with the same amount of MPA time may reduce frailty; the longer the duration of time spent in the substitution of sleep or SB with MPA, the greater the benefits.

Reallocation of time spent on sedentary behavior by time spent on physical activity reduces dynapenia in older adults: a prospective cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dynapenia is characterized by mobility limitations in the older population when combined with aggravating behavioral factors that can increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothetical effects of reallocation of time spent on sedentary behavior (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep on dynapenia in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study using exploratory surveys in Alcobaça City, Bahia State, Brazil. METHODS: In total, 176 older adults (≥ 60 years) of both sexes participated in this study. Dynapenia was assessed using the handgrip strength test with cutoff points of < 27 kg for men and < 16 kg for women. MVPA and SB were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: Effects on reallocation were found for the shortest times, such as 10 minutes (odds ratio (OR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85-0.99); substituting MVPA with SB increased the chances of dynapenia by 58.0% (95% CI: 1.01-2.49). Analyzing the substitution of 60 minutes/day of SB with 60 minutes/day of MVPA revealed a protective effect, with a lower OR for dynapenia of 37.0% (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40-0.99). The reallocation of sleep time did not significantly reduce dynapenia. CONCLUSIONS: Substituting the time spent sitting with the same amount of time spent on MVPA can reduce dynapenia, and a longer reallocation time confers greater health benefits in older adults.

Epidemiological Profile of Pregnant Women with Eclampsia Admitted in Cuiabá Hospitals from 2008 to 2017 / Perfil de Internações de Gestantes Acometidas com Eclampsia no Município de Cuiabá no Período de 2008 a 2017

During pregnancy, women undergo several physiological body changes. However, there are some pathologies that can interfere in this period. In Brazil, the main cause of maternal mortality stems from hypertensive disorders. The increased blood pressure gestational period may be due to a preexisting chronic hypertension or Gestational hypertension. Therefore, the hypertension during pregnancy may evolve to preeclampsia, eclampsia or HELLP Syndrome. Each of these disorders has consequences for the mother and the fetus, which can be fatal, in the most serious cases. The objective of this study is to recognize the profile of pregnant women hospitalized with eclampsia, whereas the knowledge of the signs that the pathology presents and the most frequent epidemiological profile to help in the early diagnosis, which directly impacts on the efficacy of the treatment, reducing morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the information available in the Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH) of the Sistema de Informações da Secretaria do Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso and to analyze the increase of pregnant women with eclampsia, in addition to the epidemiological profile of this group. After analyzing the data, it was verified that Afro- Brazilian women, aged between 20-24 years old, are the most affected by eclampsia. In addition, most cases have been reported by private hospitals and more than 50 percent remain hospitalized for up to 3 days. Despite the limitations in the database, the recognition of the most frequent conditions during hospitalization contributes to a better approach to these cases. (AU)

Durante o período gestacional, a mulher passa por diversas mudanças fisiológicas. Entretanto, existem algumas patologias que podem interferir nesse período. No Brasil, a principal causa de mortalidade materna decorre das síndromes hipertensivas. O aumento dos níveis pressóricos na gravidez pode ser originada por hipertensão crônica prévia ou pela Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gestação (DHEG). Sendo que, essa última pode evoluir para pré-eclâmpsia, eclampsia ou Síndrome HELLP. Cada uma dessas variações gera consequências para a mãe e o feto, podendo levar à morte, nos casos mais graves. O objetivo desse trabalho é reconhecer o perfil de internações das gestantes acometidas com eclâmpsia, uma vez que o conhecimento dos sinais que a patologia apresenta e o perfil epidemiológico mais frequente auxiliam na identificação precoce dos casos, o que impacta diretamente na eficácia do tratamento, reduzindo a morbimortalidade. Esse estudo, buscou avaliar informações disponíveis no Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH) do Sistema de Informações da Secretaria do Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso e analisar, por meio deste, a progressão das gestanteacometidas com eclampsia, além do perfil epidemiológico desse grupo. Após a análise das informações, verificou-se que as mulheres afro brasileiras, com idade entre 20 e 24 anos, são as mais acometidas pela patologia em estudo. Além disso, a maioria dos casos, foram notificados por hospitais particulares e mais da metade, permanece internada por até 3 dias. Apesar das limitações presentes no banco de dados, o reconhecimento das características mais frequentes durante a internação, contribui para uma melhor abordagem desses casos. (AU)