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1.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430556

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the craniofacial morphologic aspects of Sheehan's syndrome (SHS) patients.An observational study was performed with 19 women diagnosed with SHS and 19 controls matched by age and sex. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained, and 30 linear and angular measurements were analyzed using the Radiocef Studio 2 software. The mean age of patients was 65.47 ± 10.19 years. The main findings were propositioned maxilla (52.63 %) and mandible (52.63 %) relative to the cranial base, mandibular prognathism in 73.68 %, deep growth pattern in 42.1 %, increased mandibular plane in 36.84 %, and reduction in anterior facial height. The SHS group showed statistically significant differences in SNB (p=0.026), N-Me (p=0.006), soft palate length (p=0.011), and Ena-Me (p<0.001) in comparison with controls. The standard deviation score analysis revealed altered values in relation to total maxillary and mandibular lengths. SHS showed altered craniofacial morphology, characterized by maxillo- mandibular prognathism, brachyfacial type, increased mandibular plane, and reduction in soft palate length. This study reports novel findings in SHS.


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los aspectos morfológicos craneofaciales de los pacientes con síndrome de Sheehan (SHS). Se realizó un estudio observacional con 19 mujeres diagnosticadas con SHS y 19 controles asociados por edad y sexo. Se obtuvieron radiografías cefalométricas laterales y se analizaron 30 medidas lineales y angulares mediante el software Radiocef Studio 2. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 65,47 ± 10,19 años. Los principales hallazgos fueron proposición maxilar (52,63 %) y mandíbula (52,63 %) con respecto a la base del cráneo, prognatismo mandibular en 73,68 %, patrón de crecimiento profundo en 42,1 %, aumento del plano mandibular en 36,84 % y reducción de la altura facial anterior. El grupo SHS mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en SNB (p=0,026), N-Me (p=0,006), longitud del paladar blando (p=0,011) y Ena-Me (p<0,001) en comparación con los controles. El análisis de la puntuación de la desviación estándar reveló valores alterados en relación con las longitudes maxilares y mandibulares totales. El SHS mostró una morfología craneofacial alterada, caracterizada por prognatismo maxilomandibular, tipo braquifacial, aumento del plano mandibular y reducción de la longitud del velo del paladar. Este estudio informa hallazgos novedosos en SHS.

2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(6): 863-867, Nov.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403255

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted health care worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the first COVID-19 wave on the treatment of our patients with acromegaly. Subjects and methods: A standard questionnaire was systematically applied to all patients and included questions on general health status, whether all laboratory workup had been done, common signs and symptoms of acromegaly, treatment adherence, and previous COVID-19 symptoms and diagnosis. Results: We attempted to contact 136 patients with acromegaly at regular follow-up at our institution and contacted 101 of them successfully. In all, 37% of the patients reported symptoms of acromegaly, which was more common among women. A total of 27 patients were lost to follow-up (including 19 who interrupted treatment during the pandemic) mainly for fear of becoming infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 24 resumed follow-up after our contact. Conclusions: The current COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted the follow-up of patients with acromegaly. Telemedicine can be an important tool to maintain regular treatment in the current or future pandemics.

3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 62(2): 236-263, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887642

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary adenomas (approximately 40% of cases), and they represent an important cause of hypogonadism and infertility in both sexes. The magnitude of prolactin (PRL) elevation can be useful in determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. Indeed, PRL levels > 250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of the presence of a prolactinoma. In contrast, most patients with stalk dysfunction, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia or systemic diseases present with PRL levels < 100 ng/mL. However, exceptions to these rules are not rare. On the other hand, among patients with macroprolactinomas (MACs), artificially low PRL levels may result from the so-called "hook effect". Patients harboring cystic MACs may also present with a mild PRL elevation. The screening for macroprolactin is mostly indicated for asymptomatic patients and those with apparent idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the treatment of choice for prolactinomas, particularly cabergoline, which is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine. After 2 years of successful treatment, DA withdrawal should be considered in all cases of microprolactinomas and in selected cases of MACs. In this publication, the goal of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) is to provide a review of the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas, emphasizing controversial issues regarding these topics. This review is based on data published in the literature and the authors' experience.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pituitary Neoplasms/therapy , Hyperprolactinemia/diagnosis , Hyperprolactinemia/therapy , Prolactinoma/diagnosis , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prolactin/blood , Brazil , Prolactinoma/therapy , Bromocriptine/therapeutic use , Dopamine Agonists/therapeutic use , Ergolines/therapeutic use , Cabergoline , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(4): 704-710, 04/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742800

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study was to detect the steroidogenic effects of Ang II in bovine theca cells in vitro. Bovine theca cells were obtained from follicles (larger than 10mm of diameter) collected from a local abattoir and submitted to different treatments in a sequence of experiments. In experiment 1, CYP17A1 mRNA profile was evaluated in LH- (10ng ml-1) and Ang II-treated (0.1µM) theca cells. In experiment 2, a dose-response effect of Ang II (0.001; 0.1 e 10µM) plus insulin (100ng ml-1) and LH (100ng ml-1) was evaluated on steroidogenesis of bovine theca cells. Experiment 3 explored the effects of saralasin (an antagonist of Ang II receptors) on steroid production and steroidogenic enzymes regulation in theca cells. After 24 hours, culture media from experiments 2 and 3 was collected to evaluate testosterone and androstenedione levels by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. In parallel, mRNA levels of key steroidogenic enzymes (HSD3B2, CYP11A1, CYP17A1) and STAR were assessed by RT-PCR. There was no difference in testosterone and androstenedione production between treated and controls groups, as well as in mRNA levels of the evaluated genes. In conclusion, the results suggest that Ang II does not regulate steroidogenesis in bovine theca cells.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da Angiotensina II (Ang II) sobre a esteroidogenese nas células da teca bovina, cultivadas in vitro. Para isso, células da teca bovina foram obtidas de folículos maiores que 10 mm de diâmetro de ovários oriundos de abatedouro e submetidas a diferentes tratamentos em uma sequência de experimentos. No experimento 1, o perfil de expressão do RNAm de CYP17A1 foi avaliado nas células da teca em resposta ao LH (10ng ml-1) e/ou Ang II (0,1µM) em diferentes momentos de tratamento. No experimento 2, foi investigado o efeito dose-resposta de Ang II (0,001; 0,1 e 10µM), acrescido de insulina (100ng ml-1) e LH (100ng ̸ml) sobre a esteroidogênese nas células da teca bovina. O experimento 3 explorou os possíveis efeitos da Ang II por meio do tratamento de células da teca com saralasina (antagonista dos receptores da Ang II). Após 24 horas, nos experimentos 2 e 3, o meio de cultura foi coletado e avaliado quanto aos níveis de testosterona e androstenediona pela técnica de HPLC. Em paralelo, a expressão gênica de enzimas-chave da esteroidogênese (HSD3B2, CYP11A1, CYP17A1) e STAR foi avaliada por qRT-PCR. Não se observou diferença na produção de testosterona e androstenediona entre controle e grupos tratados, bem como, na expressão do RNAm para os genes estudados. Em conclusão, nossos resultados não demonstraram um papel da Ang II sobre a esteroidogenese nas células da teca bovina.

5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(1): 6-16, fev. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-544026

ABSTRACT

A toxicidade de diversos poluentes ambientais em seres humanos e demais espécies tem sido habitualmente investigada quanto aos seus efeitos teratogênicos e cancerígenos. Nas últimas décadas, muitos contaminantes têm demonstrado efeitos adversos sobre o sistema endócrino. Atualmente, cerca de onze milhões de substâncias químicas são conhecidas em todo mundo, sendo três mil delas produzidas em larga escala. Numerosos compostos químicos de uso doméstico, industrial e agrícola possuem comprovada atividade hormonal. Entre os produtos químicos com atividade estrogênica, destacam-se hormônios presentes em cosméticos, anabolizantes utilizados em rações animais, fitoestrógenos e poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs). Esses agentes que estão presentes nos efluentes industriais, residenciais e das estações de tratamento de água e esgoto representam uma importante fonte de contaminação ambiental. O Programa Internacional de Segurança Química (International Programme on Chemical Safety - IPCS) define como interferente endócrino substâncias ou misturas presentes no ambiente capazes de interferir nas funções do sistema endócrino, causando efeitos adversos em um organismo intacto ou na sua prole. No presente artigo, os autores apresentam uma revisão da literatura atual sobre o papel desses elementos nas doenças endócrinas e metabólicas, os prováveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos, discutindo-se perspectivas futuras em termos de investigação e estratégias para prevenção e redução dos seus possíveis danos.


The toxicity of various pollutants has been routinely investigated according to their teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. In the last few decades, however, many of such pollutants have been shown to adversely affect the endocrine system of human beings and other species. Currently, more than eleven million chemical substances are known in the world, and approximately 3,000 are produced on a large scale. Numerous chemical composites of domestic, industrial and agricultural use have been shown to influence hormonal activity. Examples of such chemical products with estrogenic activity are substances used in cosmetics, anabolizing substances for animal feeding, phytoestrogens and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These agents are seen in residential, industrial and urban sewerage system effluents and represent an important source of environmental contamination. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) defines as endocrine disruptors substances or mixtures seen in the environment capable of interfering with endocrine system functions resulting in adverse effects in an intact organism or its offspring. In this article the authors present a current literature review about the role of these pollutants in endocrine and metabolic diseases, probable mechanisms of action, and suggest paths of investigation and possible strategies for prevention and reduction of its possible damages.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity , Environmental Exposure/prevention & control , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Endocrine Disruptors/classification , Environmental Pollutants/classification
6.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(8): 1026-1032, nov. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-537045

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Investigar a influência do IGF-I e testosterona sobre o perfil lipídico e glicêmico em homens acromegálicos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 15 homens acromegálicos. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes hipogonádicos apresentaram HDL-c mais baixo e triglicérides, LDL-c, glicemia, GH e IGF-I mais elevados. Os valores de IGF-I correlacionaram-se inversamente com HDL-c (r = - 0,57, p = 0,04) e diretamente com triglicerídeos (r = 0,62, p = 0,01) e glicemia (r = 0,66, p = 0,008), enquanto a testosterona correlacionou-se diretamente com HDL-c (r = 0,52, p = 0,05) e inversamente com triglicerídeos (r = - 0,57, p = 0,02); LDL (r = - 0,53, p = 0,04) e glicemia (r = - 0,54, p = 0,03). O IGF-I e a testosterona correlacionaram-se inversamente (r = - 0,585, p = 0,028). CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados sugerem que a intervenção mais importante na redução do risco cardiovascular nesses pacientes é o controle da atividade da doença.


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of IGF-I and testosterone on the lipid profile and glycemia in acromegalic men. METHODS: Fifteen acromegalic men were studied. RESULTS: The hypogonadic patients presented lower HDL-c and higher tryglicerides, LDL-c, glycemia, GH and IGF-I. Serum IGF-I was inversely correlated with HDL-c (r = - 0.57, p = 0.04) and directly with TG (r = 0.62, p = 0.01) and glycemia (r = 0.66, p = 0.008), whereas serum testosterone correlated directly with HDL-c (r = 0.52, p = 0.05) and inversely with TG (r = - 0.57, p = 0.02), LDL-c (r = - 0.53, p = 0.04) and fasting blood glucose (r = - 0.54, p = 0.03). IGF-I and testosterone were inversely correlated (r = - 0.585, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the most important intervention in reducing cardiovascular risk in these patients is to control the activity of the disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acromegaly/blood , Blood Glucose/biosynthesis , Hypogonadism/blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Lipids/biosynthesis , Testosterone/blood , Case-Control Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(5): 889-900, jul. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-491860

ABSTRACT

O estado somatotrófico é modulador importante dos eixos tirotrófico e corticotrófico. Enquanto a reposição somatotrófica em pacientes com deficiência de GH aumenta a conversão do hormônio inativo (T4) na sua forma ativa (T3), aumentando dessa forma a ação biológica do hormônio tireoidiano, a mesma reposição induz no eixo corticotrófico a conversão de cortisol, hormonalmente ativo, em cortisona, que é biologicamente inativa. Nessa revisão, foram discutidos os efeitos do GH nesses dois eixos hormonais, os possíveis mecanismos e as implicações clínicas no manejo dos pacientes com hipopituitarismo.


Somatotrophic status is a major determinant of both thyrotrophic and corticotrophic axis. In growth hormone deficient patients, somatotrophic replacement increases the conversion rate of the inactive form of the thyroid hormone (T4) to its active form (T3), whereas the same replacement induces the conversion of cortisol, which is hormonally active, in cortisone, its inactive form. This review details the effects of GH on these two hormonal axis, possible mechanisms and clinical implications for the management of hypopituitary patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Glands/metabolism , Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Thyroid Gland/metabolism , Human Growth Hormone/deficiency , Hypothyroidism/metabolism , Thyroxine/metabolism , Triiodothyronine/metabolism
8.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 47(4): 492-508, ago. 2003.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-350407

ABSTRACT

Esse artigo traz uma revisäo do hipopituitarismo com ênfase na terapia de reposiçäo hormonal. O conhecimento das bases fisiológicas da terapia de reposiçäo hormonal, assim como dos aspectos práticos do tratamento, constitui o suporte racional para tratar esses pacientes. Essa revisäo foi organizada por deficiência hormonal e cada um desses tópicos inclui epidemiologia, etiologia, apresentaçäo clínica, diagnóstico, preparaçöes hormonais disponíveis para o tratamento de cada deficiência, dosagens, vias de administraçäo, efeitos colaterais e monitorizaçäo clínico-laboratorial durante os diferentes períodos da vida para cada reposiçäo hormonal: hormônio de crescimento na criança e no adulto, hormônios tiroideanos no hipotiroidismo central, glicocorticóides no hipoadrenalismo central, análogos de vasopressina no diabetes insípidus central, esteróides sexuais no homem e na mulher, da puberdade à senescência e gonadotrofinas no tratamento da infertilidade. As informaçöes aqui contidas resultam de uma revisäo crítica da literatura aliada à nossa experiência de mais de duas décadas no diagnóstico e tratamento do paciente hipopituitário na Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia da Universidade Federal de Säo Paulo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Insipidus , Hypopituitarism , Infertility , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Gonadotropins , Human Growth Hormone , Hypopituitarism , Thyrotropin
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