ABSTRACT
Fraturas faciais foram provocadas principalmente por acidentes de trânsito (37,3%), e por agressões físicas (33%), vitimando predominantemente pacientes do gênero masculino (83,7%).Ocorreram mais frequentemente na faixa etária entre 21 e 30 anos (38,2%). A frequência de homens e mulheres vitimados entre a primeira e a terceira décadas de vida foi bastante similar.As fraturas mandibulares isoladas foram significativamente predominantes (48%), seguidas pelas zigomáticas (19,7%) e pelas nasais (19,7%). As agressões físicas foram mais frequente mente responsáveis pelas fraturas mandibulares, zigomáticas, nasais, maxilares e frontais, enquanto as fraturas pan faciais e Le Fort resultaram mais frequentemente de acidentes de trânsito.
Facial fractures were mainly caused by traffic accidents (37.3%) and physical abuse (33%), victimizing mostly male patients (83.7%). Occurred more frequently in the age group between21 and 30 years (38.2%). The frequency of men and women victimized between the first and third decades of life was very similar. Isolated mandibular fractures were significantly predominant(48%), followed by zygomatic (19.7%) and the nose (19.7%). The assaults were mostoften responsible for mandibular fractures, zygomatic, nasal, maxillary and frontal, while the panfaciais fractures and Le Fort resulted more often aciteeth transit.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Fracture Fixation, Internal/adverse effects , Fracture Fixation, Internal/statistics & numerical data , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Mandibular Fractures/complications , Mandibular Fractures/prevention & control , Maxillary Fractures/complications , Maxillary Fractures/prevention & control , Fractures, Bone/complications , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/prevention & controlABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: There are medications capable of affecting bone metabolism and the rate of tooth movement. Among these medications are the immunosuppressants, which act by repressing the action of T lymphocytes, however they can cause bone loss and consequently lead to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a common complication following kidney, heart, liver or lung transplantation. The immunosuppressant treatment for preventing organ rejection after transplantation, in general, includes glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus. All these drugs can have jeopardizing effects on bone mineral homeostasis and consequently influence tooth movement. In recent years, however, the increasing use of immunosuppressants has raised questions about their effects on bone metabolism in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review study was to inform orthodontists about the influence of immunosuppressants on bone metabolism and tooth movement.
ABSTRACT
A inalação de agentes anti-inflamatórios esteroidais, administrados isoladamente ou combinados a agonistas β2-adrenérgicos de longa duração, é a melhor opção disponível para o controle farmacológico da asma, embora efeitos adversose resistência aos glicocorticóides limitem seu benefício. Inibidores da síntese de leucotrienos, antagonistas do receptor CysLT1 e estabilizadores de mastócitos têm sido empregados, como monoterapias alternativas, no tratamento da asma branda e moderada, porém sem a mesma eficácia dos anti-inflamatórios esteroidais. Há evidências de que a combinação do antagonista CysLT1 e glicocorticóide inalado seja eficaz no tratamento de asmáticos graves, com diminuição da dosagem do agente esteroidal. Inibidores da enzima fosfodiesterase 4, bem como lidocaína e análogos não anestésicos da lidocaína, têm igualmente atraído atenção como opções terapêuticas no controle da asma. Esta revisão analisa avanços recentes no campo das alternativas ao uso dos glicocorticóides para regulação anti-inflamatória da asma
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthetics, Local , Asthma/immunology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Inflammation/immunology , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors , Respiratory Tract DiseasesABSTRACT
Aim: Several medications affect bone metabolism and the rate of tooth movement. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that treatment with immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506) can interfere with bone turnover, decreasing the rate of tooth movement. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 15 animals each: Group 1: rats subjected to orthodontic movement plus treatment with saline solution vehicle; Group 2: rats subjected to orthodontic movement plus treatment with FK506; Group 3: rats treated with FK506 only; and Group 4: rats treated with saline solution vehicle only. The FK506 dose was 2 mg/kg/day. The treatment was initiated 14 days before the appliance installation and then kept for up to 14 days. In addition to the administration of the immunosuppressive drug, 10 mg/kg of oxytetracycline were injected at intervals of three days in order to show osteoblastic activity and bone growth at a histological level. Results: Histomorphometrical measurements showed greater tooth movement in Group 1 than in Group 2 at all periods (days 3, 7 and 14), though significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed only on days 7 and 14. Conclusions: FK506 significantly influenced the rate of tooth movement in rats subjected to the application of this medication.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Tooth Movement Techniques , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Tacrolimus/administration & dosage , Alveolar Bone Loss , Bone Remodeling , Histological TechniquesABSTRACT
O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é discutir a influência dos imunossupressores no metabolismo ósseo e movimento dentário em Ortodontia. O movimento dentário ocorre em função do processo de remodelação do tecido ósseo e do ligamento periodontal. Existem medicamentos capazes de afetar o metabolismo ósseo e a taxa de movimento dentário, tais como os imunossupressores. Os imunossupressores agem reprimindo a ação dos linfócitos T, podem causar perda óssea e levar a um quadro de osteoporose, a qual é uma complicação comum após os transplantes de rim, coração, fígado e pulmão. Os esquemas imunossupressores para evitar a rejeição do órgão enxertado após o transplante frequentemente incluem glicocorticóides, ciclosporina A, tacrolimus e sirolimus, os quais podem causar efeitos danosos sobre a homeostase mineral óssea. O movimento dentário é dependente da força ortodôntica, dose e duração da terapia imunossupressora, além da resposta individual de cada indivíduo. Assim, todos os pacientes transplantados e usuários de imunossupressores deveriam ser submetidos a monitoramento e prevenção de perda óssea antes e durante o tratamento ortodôntico.
The objective of this literature review is to discuss the influence of immunosuppressants on bone metabolism and tooth movement in Orthodontics. Tooth movement occurs as a result of bone and periodontal ligament remodeling. Some medications such as immunosupressants can affect bone metabolism and the rate of tooth movement. Immunosupressants act by repressing the action of T lymphocytes, may cause bone loss, and lead to osteoporosis, which is a common complication following kidney, heart, liver, or lung transplantation. The use of immunosuppressants to prevent rejection after organ transplantation includes glucocorticoids, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, and sirolimus, which may cause damaging effects on the bone mineral homeostasis. Tooth movement depends on orthodontic force, dosage, and duration of immunosuppressive therapy, and individual response of each patient. Therefore, all patients who have received transplants should be closely monitored to prevent bone loss before and during orthodontic treatment.
Subject(s)
Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Tooth Movement Techniques , Bone and Bones , Bone and Bones/metabolismABSTRACT
Silicose é uma doença pulmonar crônica caracterizada por lesões fibróticas e granulomatosas pelo acúmulo de partículas de sílica inaladas. Os macrófagos alveolares são as primeiras células a entrar em contato com essas partículas e promovendo conseqüentemente sua ativação e liberação de diversas citocinas e outros mediadores, provocando o acúmulo de neutrófilos e linfócitos, estimulando aproliferação de fibroblastos com alteração da matriz extracelular. Os mecanismos patogênicos da silicose pulmonar ainda não estão totalmente claros.