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1.
J. bras. nefrol ; 45(2): 244-251, June 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506581

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The covid-19 vaccine confers direct protection and reduces transmission rates of the virus and new variants. Vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and CoronaVac have been cleared for children in Brazil. They are safe, effective, and immunogenic. There are no known complications associated with the use of steroids or vaccines in pediatric patients with covid-19 and nephrotic syndrome. With or without immunosuppression, these patients are not at increased risk of severe covid-19, and steroids are safe for them. A milder form of covid-19 occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease without the need for hospitalization. The vaccine response may be reduced and/or the duration of antibodies after vaccination may be shorter than in the general population. However, considering risk of exposure, vaccination against covid-19 is recommended. It is believed that patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome are at higher risk of severe covid-19. Vaccination is recommended, although specific data on the safety and efficacy of the covid-19 vaccine are limited. There is agreement that the benefits of induced immunity outweigh the risks of immunization. Vaccination against covid-19 is recommended for children and adolescents needing kidney transplantation or who have undergone transplantation. These patients present decreased immune response after vaccination, but immunization is recommended because the benefits outweigh the risks of vaccination. Current recommendations in Brazil stipulate the use of the messenger RNA vaccine. This paper aims to provide pediatric nephrologists with the latest knowledge about vaccination against covid-19 for children with kidney disease.


Resumo A vacina covid-19 confere proteção direta, reduz as taxas de transmissão do vírus e de novas variantes. No Brasil, estão liberadas para a população pediátrica as vacinas Pfizer/BioNTech e a CoronaVac, ambas seguras, eficazes e imunogênicas. Pacientes pediátricos com síndrome nefrótica e covid-19 têm curso clínico regular sem complicações relacionadas ao uso de esteroides ou vacinas. Esses pacientes, com ou sem imunossupressão, não apresentam maior risco de covid-19 grave e o tratamento com esteroides é seguro. Os pacientes com doença renal crônica têm covid-19 mais leve, sem necessidade de hospitalização. A resposta vacinal pode ser reduzida e/ou a duração dos anticorpos pós-vacinação pode ser menor do que na população geral. Entretanto, a vacina covid-19 está recomendada, considerando o risco de exposição. Acredita-se que pacientes com síndrome hemolítico-urêmica teriam maior risco de covid-19 grave. A vacina é recomendada, embora dados específicos sobre segurança e eficácia da vacina covid-19 sejam limitados. Há concordância que os benefícios da imunidade induzida superam quaisquer riscos da imunização. A vacina covid-19 é recomendada para crianças e adolescentes candidatos ao transplante renal ou já transplantados. Esses pacientes têm resposta imunológica reduzida após a vacina, entretanto ela é recomendada porque os benefícios superam qualquer risco dessa vacinação. A recomendação atual no Brasil é a vacina de tecnologia RNA mensageiro. O objetivo deste documento é levar aos nefrologistas pediátricos os conhecimentos mais recentes sobre a vacinação contra contra-19 em crianças com doenças renais.

3.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 67(supl.1): 63-66, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287852

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the result of the strategies adopted to maintain the transplant program amid the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Since March 2020, several measures have been adopted sequentially, including the compulsory use of personal protective equipment and the real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of collaborators, symptomatic patients, potential deceased donors, candidates for recipients, and in-hospital readmissions, regardless of symptoms. The living-donor transplantation was restricted to exceptional cases. RESULTS: Among 1013 health professionals, 201 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed between March and August 2020, with no severe cases reported. In this period, we observed a 19% institutional increase in the number of transplants from deceased donors compared with that observed in the same period in 2019. There was no donor-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Four COVID-19-positive patients underwent transplantation; after 28 days, all were alive and with functioning allograft. Among the 11,875 already transplanted patients being followed up, there were 546 individuals with confirmed diagnosis, 372 who required hospitalization, and 167 on mechanical ventilation, resulting in a 27% mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that the adoption of sequential and coordinated measures amid the pandemic was able to successfully maintain the transplant program and ensure the safety of health professionals and transplanted patients who were already in follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation , COVID-19 , Living Donors , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
4.
J. bras. nefrol ; 39(4): 413-423, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893792

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplantation has changed its clinical spectrum, mostly due to the current and more effective immunosuppression. In the absence of preventive strategies it is associated with significant morbi-mortality. Objective: This study evaluated the incidence of CMV events and its effect on outcomes of kidney transplantation in recipients without pharmacological prophylaxis or targeted preemptive treatment. Results: The study cohort comprised 802 recipients of kidney transplants between 04/30/2014 and 04/30/2015. The majority received induction with anti-thymocyte globulin (81.5%), tacrolimus and prednisone in combination with either mycophenolate (46.3%) or azathioprine (53.7%). The overall incidence of CMV events was 42% (58.6% infection and 41.4% disease). Patients with CMV showed higher incidence of first treated acute rejection (19 vs. 11%, p = 0,001) compared with those without CMV but no differences in graft loss, death or loss to follow-up. The incidence of delayed graft function was higher (56% vs. 37%, p = 0.000) and the eGFR at 1 (41 ± 21 vs. 54 ± 28 ml/min, p = 0.000) and 12 months (50 ± 19 vs. 61 ± 29 ml/min, p = 0.000) were lower in patients with CMV. Recipients age (OR = 1.03), negative CMV serology (OR = 5.21) and use of mycophenolate (OR = 1.67) were associated with increased risk of CMV. Changes in immunosuppression was more often in patients with CMV (63% vs. 31%, p = 0.000). Conclusion: the incidence of CMV events was high and associated with higher incidence of acute rejection and changes in immunosuppression. Besides traditional risk factors, renal function at 1 month was independently associated with CMV infection.


Resumo A infecção por citomegalovírus (CMV) no transplante renal mudou seu espectro clínico, principalmente devido à atual e mais efetiva imunossupressão. Na ausência de estratégias preventivas, está associado a significativa morbimortalidade. Objetivo: este estudo avaliou a incidência de eventos de CMV e seu efeito nos desfechos do transplante renal em receptores sem profilaxia farmacológica ou tratamento preventivo direcionado. Resultados: A coorte do estudo envolveu 802 receptores de transplantes de rim entre 30/04/2014 e 30/04/2015. A maioria recebeu indução com globulina anti-timocitária (81,5%), tacrolimus e prednisona em combinação com micofenolato (46,3%) ou azatioprina (53,7%). A incidência global de eventos de CMV foi de 42% (58,6% de infecção e 41,4% de doença). Os pacientes com CMV apresentaram maior incidência de rejeição aguda do primeiro tratamento (19 vs. 11%, p = 0,001), em comparação com aqueles sem CMV, mas sem diferenças na perda de enxerto, morte ou perda de seguimento. A incidência de função retardada de enxerto foi maior (56% vs. 37%, p = 0,000) e a TFGe a 1 (41 ± 21 vs. 54 ± 28 ml/min, p = 0,000) e 12 meses (50 ± 19 vs. 61 ± 29 ml/min, p = 0.000) foram menores em pacientes com CMV. A idade dos receptores (OR = 1,03), a sorologia negativa para CMV (OR = 5,21) e o uso de micofenolato (OR = 1,67) foram associados ao aumento do risco de CMV. As alterações na imunossupressão foram mais frequentes em doentes com CMV (63% vs. 31%, p = 0,000). Conclusão: a incidência de eventos relacionados a CMV foi alta e associada a maior incidência de rejeição aguda e alterações na imunossupressão. Além dos fatores de risco tradicionais, a função renal com 1 mês foi associada de forma independente à infecção por CMV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Kidney Transplantation , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Cost of Illness
5.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 70(supl.3)out. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-740544
7.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 69(esp. 3)ago. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683396

ABSTRACT

Tumor phyllodes é uma neoplasia fibroepitelial que corresponde a menos de 0,5% dos cânceres de mama. A doença metastática ocorre em menos de 5% dos casos e a sobrevida mediana é de cerca de 30 meses. Relatamos um caso raro de doença metastática para pulmão, confirmada por biópsia, com evolução extremamente indolente, superando os 11 anos de seguimento. A despeito da indolência do componente metastático, houve recidiva local de crescimento paradoxalmente rápido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Breast Neoplasms , Disease Progression , Survival , Phyllodes Tumor
8.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 28(2): 249-252, jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-551699

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso de doença péptica na infância em escolar, com queixa inicial de dor abdominal aguda e palidez. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Escolar de nove anos procurou pronto-socorro infantil com queixa de dor abdominal súbita e palidez. Não apresentava outros sintomas ou sinais ao exame físico além de mucosas descoradas e hemograma com nível baixo de hemoglobina. Durante a observação intra-hospitalar, apresentou episódio de melena. Foi realizada endoscopia digestiva alta, sendo observadas gastrite erosiva de antro e úlcera duodenal, com Helicobacter pylori positivo. O paciente foi tratado com esquema tríplice (inibidor de bomba de prótons e dois antimicrobianos) por uma semana e, posteriormente, acompanhado ambulatorialmente. COMENTÁRIOS: O caso em questão descreve uma doença rara em unidade de emergência pediátrica. O paciente referia dor abdominal e observou-se palidez confirmada por baixo nível de hemoglobina, que se manteve nos exames subsequentes durante a observação no pronto-socorro infantil, dificultando o diagnóstico de sangramento ativo. Porém, a presença de melena na evolução facilitou e propiciou a condução do caso para se chegar à hipótese de sangramento digestivo alto. Realizada endoscopia digestiva alta, que confirmou o diagnóstico de gastrite erosiva de antro e úlcera duodenal H. pylori positiva, sendo, então, necessário tratamento específico, inclusive para erradicação da bactéria.


OBJECTIVE: To report a case of peptic disease in a school child whose first symptoms were acute abdominal pain and paleness. CASE DESCRIPTION: A nine-year-old school child presented to a pediatric emergency unit with acute abdominal pain and sudden pallor. There were no other symptoms or signs on physical examination, except for discolored mucous and a low hemoglobin level. During hospital observation he presented one episode of melena. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed erosive antrum gastritis and duodenal ulcer, with Helicobacter pylori. He was treated with inhibitor pump proton and two antimicrobial for two weeks. COMMENTS: This is a rare presentation in the pediatric emergency unit. The patient had abdominal pain and pallor confirmed by low hemoglobin level, which remained in subsequent blood tests, delaying the diagnosis of active bleeding. The occurrence of melena during hospitalization led to the hypotheses of high digestive bleeding. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy was done and confirmed the presence of erosive antrum gastritis, duodenal ulcer and H. pylori infection. The treatment of the patient included bacterial eradication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Helicobacter pylori , Peptic Ulcer , Helicobacter Infections
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